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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Mechanism of Salt Tolerance During Seedling Growth in S. salsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Water Regulation During Seedling Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Ionic Regulation During Seedling Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Regulation of Antioxidant Levels During Seedling Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Betacyanin Production as an Adaptation to Salt Tolerance in Two Ecological Types of S. salsa Grown in Inland Saline Soils and the Intertidal Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Salt Tolerance in S. salsa During Reproductive Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Flower Formation During Reproductive Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Flower Development During Reproductive Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Seed Formation During Reproductive Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Salt Tolerance During Seed Germination in S. salsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Conclusion and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Abstract

Halophytes can complete their lifecycles in natural environments with high levels of salt (200 mM NaCl or more). Therefore, halophytes represent excellent sources of salt-tolerant genes for use in traditional crops to improve the efficiency of agriculture in saline-alkali environments. Here, we review the latest information about Suaeda salsa, an especially promising genetic resource. This typical euhalophyte has succulent leaves and grows in saline habitats in inland and intertidal zones. S. salsa produces dimorphic seeds (black and brown seeds) on the same plant under natural growth conditions. These seeds have different J.G and J.S. wrote the paper; B.W. revised the paper. J. Guo · J. Song · B. Wang (*) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 M.-N. Grigore (ed.), Handbook of Halophytes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_83-1

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germination rates and salt-tolerant levels, making them excellent models for studying the mechanisms underlying salt adaption. S. salsa plants are

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