Adding value to aluminosilicate solid wastes to produce adsorbents, catalysts and filtration membranes for water and was
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Adding value to aluminosilicate solid wastes to produce adsorbents, catalysts and filtration membranes for water and wastewater treatment Daniela Gier Della Rocca1 , Rosane Marina Peralta2 , Rosely Aparecida Peralta3 Enrique Rodrı´guez-Castello´n4 , and Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz Moreira1,*
1
Department Department 3 Department 4 Department 2
of of of of
,
Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography and Mineralogy, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
Received: 17 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 23 August 2020
Geopolymers are a class of inorganic polymers that have attracted attention in recent years, especially in the construction sector, due to their promising mechanical properties, as well as simple and low-cost fabrication. These materials also stand out for being more environmentally friendly, not only because of their lower CO2 emissions during production, but also because industrial byproducts can be incorporated in their synthesis. Recent studies have investigated porous geopolymers, allowing expansion of their potential use to several other applications. Meanwhile, application of GPs to efficient water and wastewater treatments, such as nanofiltration and advanced oxidation processes, remains a challenge, especially due to high operational costs. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of geopolymers produced from aluminosilicate wastes, showing the main promising advances in their applications in three technological fields: (1) adsorption, (2) membrane filtration and (3) catalysis (as both catalyst or catalyst support).
Published online: 17 September 2020
Ó
Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: M. Grant Norton.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05276-0
1040
J Mater Sci (2021) 56:1039–1063
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Abbreviations OH Hydroxyl radicals AOP Advanced oxidation processes BA Bottom ash BC/GM Biochar/geopolymer BFS Blast furnace slag BT Bauxite CB Carbon black CC Calcium carbonate CGP Catalytic geopolymer CTAB Cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance FA Fly ashes FS Fumed silica GP Geopolymer GPA Geopolymeric adsorbents GPM Geopolymer membrane HT Halloysite HZ Hydroxysodalite zeolite KT Kaolinite LT Laterite MGP Magnetic geopolymer MK Metakaolin MS Magnesium slag PT Perlite POFA Palm oil fuel ash SF Silica fume QZ Quartz SMS Silicomanganese slag SS Steel slag
Introduction Geopolymers are inorganic polymers produced by the polycondensation of aluminosilicate materials, which is promoted by an alkali activator [1]. The reaction consists of three main steps: dissolution, gelation and polycondensation [2]. The reaction begins by the dissolution of the aluminosilicates, which occurs due to hydrolysis (water con
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