Application of ion-exchange resin beads to produce magnetic adsorbents
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Application of ion‑exchange resin beads to produce magnetic adsorbents Emőke Sikora1,2 · Viktória Hajdu1,2 · Gábor Muránszky1,2 · Kitti Krisztina Katona1 · István Kocserha2,3 · Toshiyuki Kanazawa4 · Béla Fiser1,2,5 · Béla Viskolcz1,2 · László Vanyorek1,2 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Heavy metal ions are among the most dangerous contaminants, which can cause serious health problems. In this work, ionexchange resin beads were used as supports for magnetite ( Fe3O4) synthesis to produce heavy metal adsorbents which can be easily separated by magnetic field. The first step of the magnetite preparation was the replacement of hydrogen ions with Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions on the sulfonic acid groups of the resin. In the second step, magnetite particle formation was induced by coprecipitating the iron ions with sodium hydroxide. The regeneration of the ion-exchange resin was also carried out by using sodium hydroxide. SEM images verified that relatively large magnetite crystal particles (diameter = 100–150 nm) were created. The ion-exchange effect of the prepared magnetic adsorbent was also confirmed by applying Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions in adsorption experiments. Keywords Heavy metal ion removal · Magnetite · Adsorption capacity · Langmuir constant
Introduction Over the last century, there has been an unsustainable increase in human-caused environmental pollution. Our soil, air and water are increasingly polluted (Nica et al. 2019). Heavy metal ions are among the most dangerous contaminants, which can cause serious health problems (Järup 2003). Metals such as arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01376-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Emőke Sikora [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc‑Egyetemváros, Hungary
2
Higher Education Industry Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
3
Institute of Ceramics and Polymer Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
4
JEOL (EUROPE) SAS, 1 Allée de Giverny, Croissy‑sur‑Seine, France
5
Ferenc Rákóczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Beregszász, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
nickel, mercury, chromium, cobalt, and zinc are dangerous not just for humans, but can be harmful to all living organism (Masindi and Muedi 2018). The widespread metal ion pollution forced the European Council to issue a directive (98/83/EC) about the quality requirements and ion concentration limits of drinking water (
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