Addressing Common Mental Health Disorders Among Incarcerated People Living with HIV: Insights from Implementation Scienc
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IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE (E GENG, SECTION EDITOR)
Addressing Common Mental Health Disorders Among Incarcerated People Living with HIV: Insights from Implementation Science for Service Integration and Delivery Helene J. Smith 1 & Stephanie M. Topp 2 & Christopher J. Hoffmann 3,4 & Thulani Ndlovu 3 & Salome Charalambous 3,5 & Laura Murray 4 & Jeremy Kane 6 & Izukanji Sikazwe 1 & Monde Muyoyeta 1 & Michael E. Herce 1,7
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Despite evidence of disproportionate burden of HIV and mental health disorders among incarcerated people, scarce services exist to address common mental health disorders, including major depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders, among incarcerated people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper aims to summarize current knowledge on mental health interventions of relevance to incarcerated PLHIV and apply implementation science theory to highlight strategies and approaches to deliver mental health services for PLHIV in correctional settings in SSA. Recent Findings Scarce evidence-based mental health interventions have been rigorously evaluated among incarcerated PLHIV in SSA. Emerging evidence from low- and middle-income countries and correctional settings outside SSA point to a role for cognitive behavioral therapy-based talking and group interventions implemented using task-shifting strategies involving lay health workers and peer educators. Summary Several mental health interventions and implementation strategies hold promise for addressing common mental health disorders among incarcerated PLHIV in SSA. However, to deliver these approaches, there must first be pragmatic efforts to build corrections health system capacity, address human rights abuses that exacerbate HIV and mental health, and re-conceptualize mental health services as integral to quality HIV service delivery and universal access to primary healthcare for all incarcerated people. Keywords Mental health . Depression . Prisons . Sub-Saharan Africa . HIV . Peer . Implementation science
Introduction This article is part of the Topical Collection on Implementation Science * Michael E. Herce [email protected] 1
Implementation Science Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
2
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
3
The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
4
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
5
University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
6
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
7
Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), effective HIV prevention, treatment, and care for key populations (KP) such as incarcerated people is complicated by mental health disorders (MHDs) [1]. These disorders, defined as “behavioral or mental patterns that cause significant distress or impair
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