Adsorption Accumulation of Liquefied Natural Gas Vapors
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ICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT THE INTERFACES
Adsorption Accumulation of Liquefied Natural Gas Vapors S. S. Chugaeva, b, *, A. A. Fomkina, I. E. Men’shchikova, E. M. Strizhenova, b, and A. V. Shkolina aFrumkin
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia bBauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 105005 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 26, 2019; revised March 16, 2020; accepted March 23, 2020
Abstract—Adsorption isotherms of methane on AUK, АU-1, and Р-300 active carbons, which possess completely different structural-energy characteristics at the temperatures of 120, 160, and 180 K and pressures of up to 6 bar, as well as the dependences of the specific amount of accumulated methane on these adsorbents on pressure, have been calculated based on the Dubinin’s theory of volumetric filling of micropores. Optimal carbon adsorbent has been chosen for storage of the liquefied natural gas vapors derived from the results. The dependences of differential molar isosteric heat of methane adsorption on the adsorption value at various temperatures have been calculated and plotted for these adsorption materials. An approach to the retention of excess vapor volume that is formed upon storage of liquefied natural gas using adsorption accumulation has been suggested. DOI: 10.1134/S2070205120050081
INTRODUCTION At present, there are extensive studies being carried out in the field of “green” energy due to depletion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel reserves and growing threat of global warming resulting from hazardous greenhouse gas emission. The use of natural gas as fuel results in a lower emission of such components as CO, NOx, and CO2 upon its combustion; methane, which is the main component of natural gas, does not contain traces of lead and other heavy metals,; there is no sulfur and, consequently, there is no emission of sulfur dioxide, which is a typical component of exhaust gases [1]. For these reasons, natural gas is the ecologically safest hydrocarbon fuel as compared to oil products. However, widespread use of natural gas is restricted by its low energy density; therefore, following approaches are used for its storage. Compressed natural gas (CNG) requires expensive multistage compressors, which compress natural gas to high pressures (up to 250 bar), as well as balloons that can resist such loads. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) requires expensive infrastructure on the compression and storage of natural gas including special heat-insulated reservoirs for maintenance of cryogenic storage conditions. Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) allows storage at significantly lower pressures than does CNG, which is a competitive advantage over conventional CNG and LNG technologies for particular tasks. An excess gas phase is formed upon storage of LNG in isothermal storage reservoirs. At present, two independent autonomous discharge systems are consid-
ered for protection of these storage systems from an increase in pressure—more specifically, a closed gas discharge sys
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