Adsorption of influenza A and B viruses on detonation nanodiamonds materials
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Adsorption of influenza A and B viruses on detonation nanodiamonds materials Marina V. Ivanova1, Elena I. Burtseva1, Valeria T. Ivanova1, Svetlana V.Trushakova1, Elena I.Isaeva1, Elena S. Shevchenko1, Aleksandra A. Isakova2, Anatoly A. Manykin1 and Boris V. Spitsyn2 1
The D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, of Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia 2
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
ABSTRACT This paper presents the data on sorption efficiency of nanodiamonds, detonation soot and its complexes with polyaniline for nano size biological objects: fragments of cDNA and epidemic influenza viruses, including A(H1N1, H3N2) and B strains, isolated in 1999-2010, pandemic strain A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza avian A(H5N2) viruses and reassortants A(H5N2) and A(H5N1). As the result of the sorption on detonation nanodiamonds (DND), detonation soot and their complexes with polyaniline, hemagglutination (HA) titers of virus solutions decreased by ≤ 4000 times for concentrated viruses, suspended in saline and by ≤8 times for allantoic viruses. The detonation soot was approximately 2.5 times more effective than DND. Detonation nanodiamond materials proved to be efficient sorbents for cDNA fragments of >190 bp size. No desorption of viruses from nanodiamonds and soot into saline was revealed ( observation time 48 h ). DND and soot at concentrations ≤ 1 mg/ml were not toxic for MDCK cells. A moderate increase of monocytes was registrated in blue rats after intra-abdominal immunization with DND+ virus complexes. INTRODUCTION Numerous epidemics, caused by different micro-pathogens, have occurred in different parts of the world for many centuries. Infections are being spread by airborne and water ways, by blood transfusion from ill humans or animals, by mosquitoes and other ways. There are different solutions to prevent this process, and one of them is to create materials which are able to adsorb micro-pathogens. There are plenty of effective filters for bacteria particles. Viruses, due to their smaller size, are much more difficult objects even for modern sorbents. Situation has changed with the start of era of nanomaterials which has given a new opportunity for the creation of new materials and investigation of interaction between nano-sized particles. Some of these materials are synthesized purposefully, others obtained as a by-product of different experiments. For example, detonation nanodiamonds (DND) and detonation soot are the result of exploding a mixture of trinitrotoluene and hexogen (RDX) in optimal proportion close to 50/50 at pressure 16-23 GPa and T above 3000K [1]. The Russian discovery of DND in 1960s drew significant attention from the world scientists for DND’s unique physical and chemical properties. DND have a variety of applications in different areas, and due to their large specific surface, good sorption ability, stability and low toxicity, they hold much promise for biomedical applications including virology [2] The g
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