Adsorption of levodopa onto Amberlite resins: equilibrium studies and D-optimal modeling based on response surface metho
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Adsorption of levodopa onto Amberlite resins: equilibrium studies and D-optimal modeling based on response surface methodology Özge Yalçın 1 & Nilay Baylan 2
&
Süheyla Çehreli 2
Received: 7 August 2020 / Revised: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper investigates the removal of the antiparkinsonism drug levodopa from aqueous solutions utilizing weakly basic Amberlite resins. In the first step of experimental investigation, the adsorption equilibration time (0–24 h) was determined. After that, the effects of properties such as initial levodopa concentration in the solution (20–100 ppm), adsorbent amount (10–30 mg), pH (2–10), and temperature (25–40 °C) on the adsorption of levodopa with Amberlite IRA-67 were investigated. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also determined. In the next step of experimental research, the impact of adsorbent type was examined by employing the experimental design. This design work was carried out in DesignExpert® Software using D-optimal design based on response surface methodology (RSM). The highest adsorption capacities were achieved as 33.09 mg g−1 for Amberlite IRA-67 and 20.11 mg g−1 for Amberlite IRA-400. These results showed that Amberlite resins were effective in removing levodopa from the water. Keywords Levodopa . Parkinson’s disease . Removal . Amberlite resin . Response surface methodology . D-optimal design
1 Introduction Pharmaceutical compounds are manufactured and utilized in large quantities. They are designed to perform particular biological impacts on living tissues and organisms [1, 2]. The variety of pharmaceuticals and their usage are increasing every year [3, 4]. Thus, the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous media is a topic of ascending concern. Inasmuch, their toxic effects can be seen even at very low concentrations. These drugs in aquatic medium not only affect the environment and ecosystem but can also affect human health [5, 6]. Taking into consideration the potential effects of such toxic substances on human health and environment, it is essential to remove them from aquatic media or effluents or wastewaters [7, 8]. Many researchers have investigated the uptake of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solutions using
* Nilay Baylan [email protected] 1
Abdi İbrahim Pharmaceutical Company, Esenyurt, İstanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
photodegradation [9], ozonation [10], Fenton-type processes [9], oxidation process [11], biological treatment [8], membrane separation processes [12], and adsorption [13]. Among these methods, adsorption is an efficacious method widely employed for removing pharmaceutical pollutants from water [13]. This method has plenty of benefits over other methods, like high efficiency and selectivity, simple scaling, easy processing, low capital and operational costs, and applicability of low-
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