Optimization of Lead (II) Adsorption onto Cross-Linked Polycarboxylate-Based Adsorbent by Response Surface Methodology
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Optimization of Lead (II) Adsorption onto Cross-Linked Polycarboxylate-Based Adsorbent by Response Surface Methodology 1 · Sıddıka Gamze Erzengin1 Rukiye Ta¸sdemir1 · Sibel Yigitarslan ˘
Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Due to the harmful effects to environment and public health, lead has to be removed from wastewater. The novelty of this study is the investigation of the adsorption of lead by a cross-linked polycarboxylate-based adsorbent synthesized, the characterization of adsorbent with FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD and the optimization of the effective parameters such as initial lead concentration, pH and temperature by response surface methodology. In here, Box–Behnken experimental design was applied by using ANOVA-supported Design Expert software. It was statistically confirmed that the surface representing the adsorption process conforms to the reduced cubic model. The common effects of the parameters were determined, and the equation was obtained to predict lead removal under the desired conditions. It was understood that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms can be used to describe the adsorption data. The negative free energy of adsorption process indicated the spontaneous reaction. The values of enthalpy and entropy were determined as − 12.57 kJ mol−1 and − 0.036 kJ mol−1 K−1 , respectively. Maximum lead removal reached to 79.7% at the initial concentration of 480.7 ppm, pH 8 and 25 °C. The selectivity of adsorbent in both lead- and cadmium-containing aqueous solution was also studied. Adsorption was found to be in favor of metal ions with higher initial concentration, and lead was adsorbed more by the effect of electronegativity when the concentration of two ions was equal. Desorption experiments of lead showed that the adsorption process was highly chemical and less physical, and only the physical part of it was desorbed. Keywords Polycarboxylate · Adsorption · Lead · Aqueous solution · Optimization · Response surface methodology
1 Introduction Water is an essential component for life, and water pollution occurs due to the effect of unwanted chemicals so the quality of life decreases. The contamination of the water sources with the inorganic or organic chemicals such as pesticides [1, 2], pharmaceutical compounds [3] and heavy metal ions is appeared a very serious and difficult problem [4–7]. Even at low concentrations, heavy metal ions are harmful, toxic and carcinogenic substances for the environment and human health [8]. Heavy metal ions are not biodegradable and lead to environmental pollution by accumulating in water resources and living organisms [9]. Lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, arsenic, zinc and mercury are among the most common metal pollutants in industrial wastewater [10, 11].
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Sıddıka Gamze Erzengin [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, West Campus, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
Lead is a dangerous metal despite its important in
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