Advanced Functional Graphite-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as RF Thermal Ablation Agents for Cancer Therapies
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Advanced Functional Graphite-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as RF Thermal Ablation Agents for Cancer Therapies Yang Xu, 1, * Meena Mahmood, 1 Zhongrui Li, 1 Enkeleda Dervishi, 1 Steve Trigwell,2 Vladimir P. Zharov, 3 Nawab Ali,1 Viney Saini,1 Alexandru R. Biris, 4 Dan Lupu,4 Alexandru S. Biris 1, * 1
Nanotechnology Center and Applied Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204. 2 NASA, Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, ASRC Aerospace, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899. 3Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204. 4 National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj Napoca, RO-3400, Romania. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] and [email protected].
Abstract Graphitic shells coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (C-Co-NPs) with diameters of around 7-9 nm cubic crystalline structures were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the Co-NPs inside the carbon shells were preserved in the metallic state. Confocal microscope images revealed effective penetrations of C-Co-NPs through plasmatic membranes into the nucleus of the cultured HeLa cancerous cells. Low RF radiation of 350 kHz triggered the cell death, process that was found to be dependent on the NPs concentration and application time. Compared to carbon nanostructures such as single wall carbon nanotubes, super paramagnetic cobalt nanoparticles demonstrated higher specificity for RF absorption and heating. This work indicates a great potential of a new technology for tumor thermal ablation. 1. Introduction: Nanoparticles are utilized very actively in drug delivery [1], cancer cell diagnostics [2] and therapeutics [3]. Magnetic nanoparticles, especially, are employed in many areas of medical studies [4, 5]. Many methods have been developed to synthesize and stabilize a wide variety of nanoparticles [6]. Their stability is one of the most important factors for their use in complex biological and medical applications. Therefore, major efforts have been devoted to provide these nanoparticles with sufficient protection against such degradations, by encasing them into inert chemical components. For example, carbon [2], inorganic compounds [7] or surfactant and polymers [8] are among the most commonly used materials for coating such nanoparticles used for bio-medical applications. In this paper, C-Co-NPs were synthesized by a CCVD method acting as RF absorbers and tissue temperature inducers, mechanism which can be developed into a more sensitive and reliable tumor targeting and successful thermal ablation process. RF resonance heating is less invasive and possesses higher efficiency for targeting localized HeLa cells or subcellular compartments, and thus has a potential to reduce the side effects associated with the traditional cancer therapies. Such medical therapies can be applied t
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