Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling
Fuel cells are widely regarded as the future of the power and transportation industries. Intensive research in this area now requires new methods of fuel cell operation modeling and cell design. Typical mathematical models are based on the physical proces
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Jarosław Milewski Konrad S´wirski Massimo Santarelli Pierluigi Leone •
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Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling
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Dr. Jarosław Milewski Institute of Heat Engineering Warsaw University of Technology 21/25 Nowowiejska Street 00-665 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Konrad S´wirski Institute of Heat Engineering Warsaw University of Technology 21/25 Nowowiejska Street 00-665 Warsaw, Poland e-mail:
Assoc. Prof. Massimo Santarelli Dipto. Energetica Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
Asst. Prof. Pierluigi Leone Dipto. Energetica Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
ISSN 1865-3529
e-ISSN 1865-3537
ISBN 978-0-85729-261-2
e-ISBN 978-0-85729-262-9
DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-262-9 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant Laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Proofreading: David Stephenson Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
While there is much debate as to the extent of fossil fuel reserves, increasing consumption is driving a long term rise in fuel prices. Leaving climate and environmental concerns to one side, more efficient sources of energy will be needed in the near future. Meanwhile, although technology is forever marching on, to all intents and purposes power plants in their traditional form hit their efficiency limits a few decades ago. There are now two ways to increase the efficiency of energy conversion from the chemical state into the much-required electricity. They are: to use binary or even tertiary systems (e.g. gas turbine + steam turbine + Organic Rankine Cycle), or to use non-heat cycle based engines—thereby working around the Carnot limitation. Fuel cells produce electricity directly from fuel through electrochemical processes, and hen
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