Advances in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
This book systematically reviews the history of lead-free piezoelectric materials, including the latest research. It also addresses a number of important issues, such as new types of materials prepared in a multitude of sizes, structural and physical prop
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Advances in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
Advances in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
Jiagang Wu
Advances in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
123
Jiagang Wu Department of Materials Science Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ISBN 978-981-10-8997-8 ISBN 978-981-10-8998-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8998-5
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018947874 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
Piezoelectric materials have been widely used in industry as transducers, sensors, actuators, etc. In recent decades, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, also called PZT-based materials, have dominated as the piezoelectric driving elements in these high-performance piezoelectric devices. Although PZT-based materials have excellent physical properties, a high content of lead (*60 wt%) inevitably causes environmental issues during the preparation and disposal processes. Such environmental issues have led to the prohibition of lead usage by laws and regulations. Thus, lead-free piezoelectric materials have attracted ever-increasing attention. Since 2000, significant progress has been made in the research and development of lead-free piezoelectric materials, with their physical properties being comparable to those of PZT. For perovskite-structured ferroelectrics, the piezoelectric properties have been dramatically improved by the construction of phase boundaries. For example, the piezoelectric constants of BaTiO3 and (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics can match or exceed those for some PZT ceramics. BiFeO3 solid solutions with other ABO3 can simultaneously realize a high Curie temperature and large piezoelectricity that
