Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering
This book presents selected papers from the 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing and Plant Engineering (ICMMPE 2018), which was held in Melaka, Malaysia from the 14th to the 15th of November 2018. The proceedings discuss genuine probl
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		    Mokhtar Awang Seyed Sattar Emamian Farazila Yusof   Editors
 
 Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering
 
 Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
 
 Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME) publishes the latest developments in Mechanical Engineering - quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNME. Volumes published in LNME embrace all aspects, subfields and new challenges of mechanical engineering. Topics in the series include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 
 Engineering Design Machinery and Machine Elements Mechanical Structures and Stress Analysis Automotive Engineering Engine Technology Aerospace Technology and Astronautics Nanotechnology and Microengineering Control, Robotics, Mechatronics MEMS Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Dynamical Systems, Control Fluid Mechanics Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer Manufacturing Precision Engineering, Instrumentation, Measurement Materials Engineering Tribology and Surface Technology
 
 To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the Springer Editor in your country: China: Li Shen at [email protected] India: Dr. Akash Chakraborty at [email protected] Rest of Asia, Australia, New Zealand: Swati Meherishi at [email protected] All other countries: Dr. Leontina Di Cecco at [email protected] To submit a proposal for a monograph, please check our Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering at http://www.springer.com/series/11693 or contact [email protected] Indexed by SCOPUS. The books of the series are submitted for indexing to Web of Science.
 
 More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11236
 
 Mokhtar Awang Seyed Sattar Emamian Farazila Yusof •
 
 •
 
 Editors
 
 Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering
 
 123
 
 Editors Mokhtar Awang Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
 
 Seyed Sattar Emamian Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
 
 Farazila Yusof Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 
 ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ISBN 978-981-13-8296-3 ISBN 978-981-13-8297-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific		
 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
	