Advances in Mathematics and Applications Celebrating 50 years of the

This book celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing (IMECC) of the University of Campinas, Brazil, by offering reviews of selected research developed at one of the most prestigious mathematics ins

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Advances in Mathematics and Applications Celebrating 50 years of the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas

Advances in Mathematics and Applications

Carlile Lavor Francisco A. M. Gomes Editors

Advances in Mathematics and Applications Celebrating 50 years of the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas

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Editors Carlile Lavor Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Scientific Computing University of Campinas Campinas, SP, Brazil

Francisco A. M. Gomes Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Scientific Computing University of Campinas Campinas, SP, Brazil

ISBN 978-3-319-94014-4 ISBN 978-3-319-94015-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94015-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018953775 Mathematics Subject Classification: 22Exx, 37-XX, 62M10, 94Bxx, 01Axx, 01A73 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

When the University of Bologna was founded, in 1088, Brazil had not been visited by the Portuguese navigators, which would only occur 412 years later, in 1500. An even greater gap was observed between the creation of the University of Coimbra, in 1290, the first in a Portuguese-speaking country, and the authorization of the Emperor Dom João VI for the installation of higher education courses in Brazil, in 1808, the year in which the Portuguese court arrives in the country, escaping from the pressure exerted by Napoleon Bonaparte. Despite the imperial permission and the subsequent declaration of independence from Portugal, in 1822, universities, conceived as multidisciplinary institutions of higher education, were only created in Bra