Advances in photo-catalysis approach for the removal of toxic personal care product in aqueous environment
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Advances in photo‑catalysis approach for the removal of toxic personal care product in aqueous environment Muhammad Bilal Tahir1 · Anam Ahmad1 · Tahir Iqbal1 · Mohsin Ijaz1 · Shabbir Muhammad2 · Saifeldin M. Siddeeg3 Received: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 10 October 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Removal of personal care products (PCPs) has become one of the challenging aspects around the globe. From the last few decades, it has been introduced as one of the emerging pollutants to the environment that affects directly or indirectly our ecosystem mainly aqueous environment. From biodegradation to photo-degradation mechanism, there are different categories of treatment methods, while the priority is based upon being cheaper, effective, reliable, environmental and economically friendly that should be compatible to water chemistry. Currently, photo-catalysis is considered as one of the most reliable and efficient non-conservative technologies for the degradation of PCPs industrial effluents from the aqueous environment. A recent development of photo-catalysis technology for the removal of PCPs gives efficient performance by using carbonaceous T iO2 composites. By using hybrid nature of photo-catalyst, one can achieve suitably high and attractive efficiency with comparable low cost. In this review article, the different photo-catalysis mechanism while moving from non-photo-catalysis to photo-catalysis approach and its practical application for the removal efficiency of various polluting agents have been discussed. A critical evaluation on the various parameters for this approach is highlighted. Future perspective refers to the need for coupling of different semiconducting nano-materials with photo-catalysis that could yield higher efficiency than those of previous one. This facilitates further insight into photo-catalysis approach for the efficient degradation of PCPs to ensure healthy aqueous environment, and some points regarding fate of PCPs should be discussed in future perspective. Keywords PCPs · Emerging pollutant · Chemical by-products · Aqueous environment · Photo-catalysis · Photo-catalyst
* Muhammad Bilal Tahir [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
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Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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1 Introduction Personal care products are being extensively used for the enhancement of personal beauty and to meet the hygiene conditions for cleanliness including cosmetics, sun blocks, hair products, fragrances, body moisturizers, preservatives, nail polishes and various facial products. There are different pathways to degrade PCPs to the aqua environment. The ingredients in PCPs including heavy metals may be toxic for human health such as dysfunctioning of var
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