Method validation for the analysis of pesticide residue in aqueous environment
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Method validation for the analysis of pesticide residue in aqueous environment Hasan Koçyiğit
&
Firdevs Sinanoğlu
Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to severe pollution into water resources which limits to reach safe drinking and irrigation water globally. One of the most important pollutants of environment that brought along with industrialization and technology are pesticides. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the pesticide residues in Dim Stream, due to intense touristic and agricultural activities in the region. Thus, four locations alongside the river were selected for sampling to evaluate the pesticide residue in the stream. The water samples were collected representing the rainy and dry seasons and extracted according to the Quechers method which is validated in terms of accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ). Pesticide residues were analyzed by injecting LC-MSMS and GC-MS. The most recurrent pesticides were cypermethrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin, dicofol, metribuzin, parathion-methyl, permethrin, malathion, and tetradifon in the samples. Some of the levels of pesticides detected in water were significantly high compared with guideline values set by the Surface Water Quality Regulation of Turkey, EU, and World Health Organization, and this may be hazardous to aquatic life and human health. The obtained 18 recoveries of pesticides in the samples varied between 70 and 120%. LOD was ranged 19 from 0.23 to 9.67 μg/L. LOQ of 11 of the pesticides were higher than 1 μg/L. H. Koçyiğit (*) : F. Sinanoğlu Department of Environmental Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Surface water . Pesticide . Quechers method . Method validation
Introduction Pesticides as a term refer to a quite broad class of crop protection chemicals: insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. These compounds, together, have become a primary tool in the modern agriculture and have made a notable contribution to modern agriculture. Despite the benefits of pesticides on crop yields, intensive and widespread pesticide use raises environmental and health concerns (Stolte et al. 2016). Pesticides are classified in different ways according to living being groups that they affect, their toxicity levels, and their chemical and physical structures. According to their chemical structure, they are classified as organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, herbicide acids, urea herbicides, triazines, and pyrethroids. Many organochlorine pesticides (OCP) being prohibited in many countries and in Turkey for decades, their stability, resistance against degradation, and lipophilicity have caused significant accumulation in various compartments in environment and human tissues (Aichner et al. 2013; Weber et al. 2010). They can be found in the environment due to their semi-volatile properties and may remain in the so
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