Advances in Water Resources Engineering

The Handbook of Environmental Engineering is a collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. A sister volume to Volume 15: Modern Water Resources Engineering, this volume focu

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Volume 14

Series Editors Lawrence K. Wang PhD, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA MS, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA MSce, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA BSCE, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Tiawan Mu-Hao S. Wang PhD, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA MS, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA BSCE, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Tiawan

The past 35 + years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide to take positive actions to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution: air, noise, solid waste, and water. The principal intention of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering (HEE) series is to help readers formulate answers to the fundamental questions facing pollution in the modern era, mainly, (1) how serious is pollution? and (2) is the technology needed to abate it not only available, but feasible? Cutting-edge and highly practical, HEE offers educators, students, and engineers a strong grounding in the principles of Environmental Engineering, as well as effective methods for developing optimal abatement technologies at costs that are fully justified by the degree of abatement achieved. With an emphasis on using the Best Available Technologies, the authors of these volumes present the necessary engineering protocols derived from the fundamental principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics, making these volumes a must have for environmental resources researchers. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7645

Chih Ted Yang • Lawrence K. Wang Editors

Advances in Water Resources Engineering

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Editors Chih Ted Yang Borland Professor of Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA

Lawrence K. Wang Ex-Dean & Director Zorex Corporation Newtonville New York USA Lenox Institute of Water Technology Newtonville NY USA Krofta Engineering Corporation Lenox Massachusetts USA

ISBN 978-3-319-11022-6    ISBN 978-3-319-11023-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11023-3 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956960 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of