Advances in Water Resources Management

This volume provides in-depth coverage of such topics as multi-reservoir system operation theory and practice, management of aquifer systems connected to streams using semi-analytical models, one-dimensional model of water quality and aquatic ecosystem-ec

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Lawrence K. Wang Chih Ted Yang Mu-Hao S. Wang Editors

Advances in Water Resources Management

Handbook of Environmental Engineering Volume 16

Series Editors Lawrence K. Wang PhD, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA MS, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA MSCE, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA BSCE, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Mu-Hao S. Wang PhD, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA MS, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA BSCE, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7645

Lawrence K. Wang • Chih Ted Yang Mu-Hao S. Wang Editors

Advances in Water Resources Management

Editors Lawrence K. Wang Engineering Consultant and Professor Lenox Institute of Water Technology Newtonville, NY, USA

Chih Ted Yang Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA

Mu-Hao S. Wang Engineering Consultant and Professor Lenox Institute of Water Technology Newtonville, NY, USA

Handbook of Environmental Engineering ISBN 978-3-319-22923-2 ISBN 978-3-319-22924-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22924-9

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015955826 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The past 36+ years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that positive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, and noise. Since pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we