AERODROM security climate: development and validation of the aerodrome security climate questionnaire (ADSECQ)
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AERODROM security climate: development and validation of the aerodrome security climate questionnaire (ADSECQ) Anders Pousette 1,2 Marianne Törner 2
& Josefa
Vega Matuszczyk 3 & Kenneth Björk 4 &
Received: 20 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Large numbers of passengers and large amounts of goods are transported by air every year. This attracts the interest of terrorists, which poses high demands on aerodrome security. Technological solutions, and rules and regulations, have been widely implemented to detect security threats, but there is also a need for leading security indicators. Safety culture and climate have been identified as such leading indicators. The aim of this study was to develop and test a questionnaire instrument to measure aerodrome security climate. The development contained an expert focus group, expert panel, two pilot tests at four and five airports, respectively, and one fullscale study at nine Swedish commercial airports. The final instrument comprised 12 dimensions grounded in previous safety culture and climate research, and targeting three organizational levels. It had good psychometric properties and was validated against compliant as well as participative security behavior. We believe ADSECQ is suitable to evaluate the aerodrome security climate standard, pinpoint security climate areas for improvement, and evaluate the effect of interventions. Keywords Airport security . Aviation security . Aviation safety . Safety climate . Security
culture . Safety culture
* Anders Pousette [email protected]
1
Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 500, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
2
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
3
Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
4
Göteborg Landvetter Airport, Swedavia AB, Landvetter, Sweden
A. Pousette et al.
Introduction Aerodromes are complex socio-technical systems comprising many different type organizations and actors (Kirschembaum, 2015), providing a variety of services to a large number of people and freighting large amounts of goods. Globally, nearly 3.1 billion air passengers were transported in 2013 (Gillen & Morrison, 2015). Since then, the number has increased (ACI, 2019) and is predicted to increase further (Bongiovanni & Newton, 2019). This poses high demands on aviation safety and security, which for some decades have been focal development areas in the aviation industry. Aviation safety and security has largely been managed reactively, based on the analysis of accidents and their causes (Oster, Strong, & Zorn, 2013) and security attacks (Klenka, 2019), but the need to find proactive approaches to improve aviation safety and security has been increasingly acknowledged (e.g. Oster et al., 2013). With this came the need to find leading, rather than lagging safety indicators, and develop methodology for proactive an
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