Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies Volume 1: Aerospace M

This book is a comprehensive compilation of chapters on materials (both established and evolving) and material technologies that are important for aerospace systems. It considers aerospace materials in three Parts. Part I covers  Metallic Materials (

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N. Eswara Prasad R. J. H. Wanhill Editors

Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies Volume 1: Aerospace Materials Metallurgy Materials Engineering

Indian Institute of Metals Series Editors-in-chief Baldev Raj, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India U. Kamachi Mudali, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15453

N. Eswara Prasad R.J.H. Wanhill •

Editors

Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies Volume 1: Aerospace Materials

123

Editors N. Eswara Prasad Defence Materials and Stores R&D Establishment (DMSRDE) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India

ISSN 2509-6400 Indian Institute of Metals Series ISBN 978-981-10-2133-6 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3

R.J.H. Wanhill Emmeloord, Flevoland The Netherlands

ISSN 2509-6419

(electronic)

ISBN 978-981-10-2134-3

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948239 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #22-06/08 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

To our eminent teachers and close associates for aerospace materials and material technologies; and to our partners and families for their support, notably during 2014–2016, the years in which these books were prepared. N. Eswara Prasad and R.J.H. Wanhill

Foreword by Prof. Dipankar Banerjee

If the world has shrunk rapidly in recent centuries, this has been in no small measure due to the impact of materials on aerospace transport. The specific fuel consumption of commercial aircraft has, for example, decreased by an astonishing 70 % using the De Havilland Comet as baseline. The reliability of their propulsion systems allows long-haul flights that encircle the globe, travelling non-stop for 15–20 h. We