Age and APOE genotype affect the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and power in the alpha band
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(2020) 12:113
RESEARCH
Open Access
Age and APOE genotype affect the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and power in the alpha band, a marker of brain disease Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas1,2,3*† , Pablo Cuesta3,4†, Federico Ramírez-Toraño3,4, Alberto Nebreda3,4, Esther Cuadrado-Soto5,6, África Peral-Suárez5, David Lopez-Sanz3,7, Ricardo Bruña3,4,8, Silvia Marcos-de Pedro3,9, María Luisa Delgado-Losada4, Ana María López-Sobaler5, Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo3,10,11, Ana Barabash12,13, Juan Manuel Serrano Rodriguez2, Simon M. Laws1,14, Alberto Marcos Dolado15, Ramón López-Higes4, Belinda M. Brown16 and Fernando Maestú3,4,8
Abstract Background: Electrophysiological studies show that reductions in power within the alpha band are associated with the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Physical activity (PA) is a protective factor that has proved to reduce AD risk and pathological brain burden. Previous research has confirmed that exercise increases power in the alpha range. However, little is known regarding whether other non-modifiable risk factors for AD, such as increased age or APOE ε4 carriage, alter the association between PA and power in the alpha band. Methods: The relationship between PA and alpha band power was examined in a sample of 113 healthy adults using magnetoencephalography. Additionally, we explored whether ε4 carriage and age modulate this association. The correlations between alpha power and gray matter volumes and cognition were also investigated. Results: We detected a parieto-occipital cluster in which PA positively correlated with alpha power. The association between PA and alpha power remained following stratification of the cohort by genotype. Younger and older adults were investigated separately, and only younger adults exhibited a positive relationship between PA and alpha power. Interestingly, when four groups were created based on age (younger-older adult) and APOE (E3/E3-E3/E4), only younger E3/ E3 (least predicted risk) and older E3/E4 (greatest predicted risk) had associations between greater alpha power and higher PA. Among older E3/E4, greater alpha power in these regions was associated with improved memory and preserved brain structure. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas and Pablo Cuesta contributed equally to this work. 1 Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia 2 Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and
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