The Influence of Objectively Measured Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Urban Black S
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The Influence of Objectively Measured Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Urban Black South African Women Estelle D. Watson1,2 · Søren Brage3 · Tom White3 · Kate Westgate3 · Shane A. Norris2 · Mireille N. M. Van Poppel4,5 · Lisa K. Micklesfield2
© The Author(s) 2018. This article is an open access publication
Abstract Objectives Research indicates the beneficial effects of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal health, although controversy still exists regarding its influence on birth outcomes. Little research has been done to objectively measure physical activity during pregnancy in black African women from low-to-middle income countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and maternal and birth outcomes in this unique population. Methods This observational, longitudinal study assessed total physical activity using a hip-mounted triaxial accelerometer at 14–18 weeks (second trimester, n = 120) and 29–33 weeks (third trimester, n = 90) gestation. Physical activity is expressed as gravity-based acceleration units (mg). Maternal outcomes included both weight and weight gain at 29–33 weeks gestation. Birth outcomes included gestational age, birth weight, ponderal index and Apgar score, measured within 48 h of delivery. Results There was a significant decline in physical activity from the second to the third trimester (12.8 ± 4.1 mg vs. 9.7 ± 3.6 mg, p ≤ 0.01). Physical activity at 29–33 weeks as well as a change in PA was inversely associated with weight change at 29–33 weeks (β = − 0.24; 95% CI − 0.49; − 0.00; p = 0.05 and β = − 0.36; 95% CI − 0.62; − 0.10; p = 0.01, respectively). No significant associations were found between physical activity and birth outcomes. Conclusions for Practice Physical activity during pregnancy may be an effective method to control gestational weight gain, whilst presenting no adverse risk for fetal development, in women from a low-income urban setting. Keywords Physical activity · Pregnancy · Maternal outcomes · Birth outcomes · Low-to-middle income country
Significance This is one of the first studies to assess patterns and effects of objectively measured physical activity on maternal and birth outcomes in Africa. In this sample of urban, black
* Estelle D. Watson [email protected] 1
2
Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Physical Education Building, WITS Education Campus, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2194, South Africa MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
South African women we found no evidence for the effect of physical activity on birth outcomes. On the other hand, physical activity in the third trimester, and change in physical activity was inversely associated with
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