Agro-residues for enhanced production of bio-colorants: a feasible approach for dyeing and surface coating of leather
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Agro‑residues for enhanced production of bio‑colorants: a feasible approach for dyeing and surface coating of leather Sivaranjani Venugopal1 · Yasmin Khambhaty1 Received: 17 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is a growing demand for eco-friendly and non-toxic dyes that can be used to impart color to a wide variety of materials. Synthetic dyes are known to cause health hazards due to possible carcinogenic effects associated with azo dyes, high heavy metal content and the possible use of other restricted substances. The present study aims at the cultivation of fungi utilizing agricultural wastes and extraction of colors there from. The bio-colorants thus obtained were subjected to characterization using analytical techniques like FTIR, TGA and particle size analysis. The characterized bio-colorants were further exploited for dyeing of cow crust, and parameters like color fastness, rub fastness and heat resistance were analyzed. Out of the four bio-colorants, yellow was potential to be used as dye solution, while the remaining black, brown and green were good for surface coating of cow crust. Graphic abstract
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S. Venugopal, Y. Khambhaty
Keywords Agro-residues · Bio-colorant · Characterization · Fungi · Leather dyeing · Surface coating
Introduction A wide variety of colored compounds, known as dyes or pigments, are widely used to impart color to diverse substrates (Velmurugan et al. 2010). However, due to inadequacy of the dyeing process, enormous amount of dye is discharged into the water ultimately contributing to the pollution load. It is estimated that about 10–35% of the dye is lost in the effluent during the dyeing process, while in the case of reactive dyes, as much as 50% of the initial dye load remains in the dye bath effluent (Rai et al. 2005). Moreover, synthetic dyes are known to be potential carcinogens eventually arising human health concern. Hence, owing to huge environmental anxiety and a strong consumer demand for more natural products, there has been an increasing drift toward replacement of synthetic dyes with natural colorants. Natural colorants not only have the capacity to increase the marketability of products, but they also display advantageous biological activities such as antioxidant and anticancer (Tuli et al. 2015). Natural colorants have already proven themselves as potential coloring agents in food industry, dyeing of cotton, silk and wool (Shahid et al. 2013). However, the major problem in using them is the amount of their yield (a few grams of pigment per kg of dried raw material), thus limiting their application. To overcome this constraint, it is suggested to exploit the potentiality of other biological sources such as fungi and bacteria, since appropriate selection, mutation or genetic engineering techniques might improve significantly the color production yields in a short time with respe
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