Agronomic conditions of cacao cultivation: its relationship with the capitals endowment of Colombian rural households
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Agronomic conditions of cacao cultivation: its relationship with the capitals endowment of Colombian rural households He´ctor Eduardo Herna´ndez-Nu´n˜ez . Isabel Gutie´rrez-Montes . Jose´ Ramiro Sa´nchez-Acosta . Leonardo Rodrı´guez-Sua´rez . Gustavo Adolfo Gutie´rrez-Garcı´a . Juan Carlos Sua´rez-Salazar . Fernando Casanoves
Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cacao cultivation has great socioeconomic importance for the development of rural areas of Colombia, especially for the approximately 52,000 rural households that depend on it. Therefore, is important to analyze the relationship that the capitals endowment of cacao-growing rural households has with the agronomic status of the crop. To establish this relationship, we determined the endowment of community capitals in 22 rural households and the agronomic status of their cacao crops, grown in 83 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00556-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. E. Herna´ndez-Nu´n˜ez (&) G. A. Gutie´rrez-Garcı´a J. C. Sua´rez-Salazar Grupo de Investigacio´n en Agroecosistemas y Conservacio´n en Bosques Amazo´nicos -GAIA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia e-mail: [email protected] H. E. Herna´ndez-Nu´n˜ez Facultad de Agronomı´a, Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague´, Colombia
plots. In each of these plots, these components were characterized: (1) floristic composition and crop structure; (2) soil quality; (3) pest attack status and diseases in the crop; (4) sensory quality of cacao beans, and (5) production. We found a positive correlation between the tree structure and physicochemical indices of the soils (p \ 0.05). Crops with greater shade showed a greater impact of pests and diseases (shade range 2.2–85.7%). Estimated cacao bean yield (kg ha-1 yr-1) were higher where cacao cultivation was the main livelihood (961 kg ha-1 yr-1 in Cacao Farmers and 774 kg ha-1 yr-1 in Diversified Farmers with Cacao). Crops demonstrating less damage caused by pests and diseases and less G. A. Gutie´rrez-Garcı´a J. C. Sua´rez-Salazar Programa de Ingenierı´a Agroecolo´gica, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia G. A. Gutie´rrez-Garcı´a J. C. Sua´rez-Salazar Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia
H. E. Herna´ndez-Nu´n˜ez J. R. Sa´nchez-Acosta L. Rodrı´guez-Sua´rez Maestrı´a en Sistemas Sostenibles de Produccio´n, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia I. Gutie´rrez-Montes F. Casanoves CATIE-Centro Agrono´mico Tropical de Investigacio´n y Ensen˜anza, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica
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Agroforest Syst
diverse tree structures obtained a higher cacao bean yield (kg ha-1 yr-1). Households with greater knowledge, experience and interaction with institutions that offer training, had more diverse tree structures
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