Air pollution and occupational accidents in the Community of Madrid, Spain
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SPECIAL ISSUE: INDOOR BIOMETEOROLOGY
Air pollution and occupational accidents in the Community of Madrid, Spain Luis Vega-Calderón 1 & Ricardo Almendra 2,3 & Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe 4 & María T. Zarrabeitia 1 & Ana Santurtún 1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract Spain is the EU member country with the third highest total number of accidents in work and has the third highest incidence rate. We have performed a descriptive analysis of occupational accidents in the Community of Madrid (Spain) between 2005 and 2013 to study the impact of air quality on the prevalence of occupational accidents, clarifying how vulnerable to air pollution outdoor workers are. In order to evaluate the association between each air pollutant and work accidents, a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model was fitted. The accident rate followed a downward and statistically significant trend (p = 0.001). The year with the highest accident rate was 2006, with 4981 occupational accidents per 100,000. Occupational accidents follow a temporary pattern (there are differences in the number of accidents according to the month of the year and to the day of the week). Exposure to PM10 and NO2 increases the risk of having an accident at work, especially for outdoor workers. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in daily concentration resulted in increases in accidents for outdoor workers of 2.5% for PM10 and 6.4% for NO2. Keywords Occupational accidents . Air pollution . Particulate matter . Nitrogen dioxide
Introduction According to Eurostat, Spain is the EU member country with the third highest total number of accidents in work (only behind Germany and France) and has the third highest incidence rate (after France and Portugal). In 2017, the total number of accidents at work recorded in Spain was 453,754, of which 453,437 were non-fatal (99.93%) and only 317 were fatal (0.07%). Among the non-fatal occupational accidents,
Luis Vega-Calderón and Ricardo Almendra have equally contributed and shared the first authorship. * Ana Santurtún [email protected] 1
Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, C/Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
2
Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), Coimbra, Portugal
3
Department of Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Colégio de São Jerónimo, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal
4
Department of Geography, Urban Planning and Territorial Planning, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
69.82% of them involved men. This number is the highest since 2010, when 493,789 accidents at work were registered. The incidence rate of non-fatal accidents in 2017 was 2842.41 per 100,000 workers, the highest since 2011 (3054.89 per 100,000 workers) (Eurostat 2020). Despite having a European standardized model for occupational accident data collection since 2002 (Benavides Fernandez 2015), not many studies have been published in Spain about this topic. Those that are avai
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