Air pollution improvement and mortality rate during COVID-19 pandemic in India: global intersectional study
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Air pollution improvement and mortality rate during COVID-19 pandemic in India: global intersectional study Manikanda Bharath Karuppasamy 1 & Srinivasalu Seshachalam 1 & Usha Natesan 2 & Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal 3 & Shankar Karuppannan 4 & Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan 5 & Nusrat Nazir 6 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This research was carried out using the open-source database system along with the continuous air quality monitoring station results from global data sets during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India and the global. Our purpose of this research is to study the improvement of air quality and human mortality rates in countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Worldwide air quality data were collected from > 12,000 continuous air quality monitoring stations on six continents covering 1000 major cities from over 100 countries. Here, we discussed the implementation of the open-source data set of basic air pollutants such as PM 2.5, NO2, temperature, relative humidity, and Air Quality Index variation during the pre-lockdown and lockdown pandemic COVID-19 in India and described the global aspect. An average concentration of PM 2.5 (145.51 μg/m3), NO2 (21.64 μg/m3), and AQI index (55.58) continuously decreased. The variation of PM 2.5, NO2, normally shows more than 25 μg/m3 every year, but during the COVID-19 lockdown period (April 2020) continuously decreased below 20 μg/m3. Similarly, the AQI index and meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed variation decreased significantly in the many countries in the world. In Asian countries, air quality improved during the national lockdown especially in the most polluted cities globally such as Beijing, Delhi, and Nanjing and also in developed cities like Madrid, New York, Paris, Seoul, Sydney, Tokyo. Furthermore, the reduction of particulate matter was in about 46%, and other gaseous pollutants during the lockdown period were observed in a 54% reduction. We are witnessing pollution reductions which add significantly to improvements in air quality. This is due to the massive decrease in the use of fossil fuel, which in turn reduces production and traffic in general. People nowadays are now willing to see a comparatively healthier world with bleached skies and natural ecosystems. This research finding demonstrates potential safety benefits associated with improving air quality and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in decreases in mortality rates in India and around the world. Keywords World Air Quality Index . Air quality improvement . National lockdown . Mortality rate . COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has affected much more huge numbers of vulnerable patients and
countable deaths. The rate of infection and deaths are still rising rapidly. COVID-19 seems to be a severe threat to humanity, development, livelihood, the organization of society, and foreign diplomacy. The COVID-19 pand
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