Air pollution inhalation during acute exercise is dependent of the body mass index and ventilation of young men
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Air pollution inhalation during acute exercise is dependent of the body mass index and ventilation of young men Bruna Marmett 1 & Roseana Böek Carvalho 1 & Gilson Pires Dorneles 2 & Igor Martins da Silva 2 & Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão 2 & Ramiro Barcos Nunes 3 & Cláudia Ramos Rhoden 1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Obesity and physical inactivity threaten human health, and both could be solved with exercise. However, a higher amount of pollutants is inhaled during exercise. Exposure to air pollution increases the incidence and progression of diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the rate of pollution inhalation of lean, overweight, and obese individuals in a low and highintensity hypothetical exercise session. Healthy sedentary men (n = 135) classified as lean, overweight, or obese were enrolled in our study. All participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) to collect ventilation rate (VE) data, which was used to predict total ventilation and pollutant inhalation of a 5-km running session. Air pollutant concentration of São Paulo City, Brazil was evaluated and the toxicological risk was estimated based on the potential intake dose. The concentrations of PM2.5 were 29.57 μg/m3 and 51.71 μg/m3, PM10 were 45.85 μg/m3 and 74 μg/m3, NO2 were 63.71 μg/m3 and 66.65 μg/m3, and O3 were 69 μg/m3 and 37 μg/m3, respectively in the summer and winter. In the hypothetical exercise session, total VE and time in both the first and second threshold were increased in the obese group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.001). The inhalation of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3, during the hypothetical session, was increased in obese individuals (p < 0.001). Obese individuals should be considered a susceptible population, once they are more exposed to air pollution during exercise. Keywords Air pollution . Environmental pollution . Exercise . Body mass index . Obesity . Risk assessment
Introduction Currently, obesity, physical inactivity, and environmental pollution are among the ten threats to global health, and the ambient air pollution has been recognized as the greatest environmental risk to human health. According to the World Health Organization, nine out of ten people breathe polluted Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya * Bruna Marmett [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
3
Research Department – Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
air every day (WHO 2019). Obesity, physical inactivity, and pollution are important risk factors for the development of many chronic diseases, inducing morbidity and
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