Alaria alata mesocercariae prevalence and predilection sites in amphibians in Latvia
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HELMINTHOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Alaria alata mesocercariae prevalence and predilection sites in amphibians in Latvia Zanda Ozoliņa 1
&
Gunita Deksne 1,2 & Mihails Pupins 3 & Evita Gravele 3 & Inese Gavarane 3 & Muza Kirjušina 3
Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Alaria alata is known as a trematode with a complex life cycle. The trematode Alaria alata infects amphibians as second intermediate hosts. In the present study, we examined 390 amphibians—European water frogs Pelophylax esculentus complex (n = 335), common frogs Rana temporaria (n = 19), moor frogs Rana arvalis (n = 3), and common toads Bufo bufo (n = 30) collected from randomly selected wetland habitats in Latvia. Out of all examined specimens, 80 were tadpoles and 310 were adult amphibians. Mesocercariae of A. alata was detected in 108 specimens from all examined amphibian species, except the common toad, reaching the overall prevalence of 27.7%. Tadpoles were found to be more frequently infected with A. alata, when compared with adults, 58.8% and 22.4%, respectively. The results showed that mesocercariae accumulate in visceral membranes, different internal organs, and muscles in the head area. This is a comprehensive study to identify A. alata mesocercariae predilection sites in amphibians. Keywords Pelophylax . Frogs . Predilection sites . Mesocercariae
Introduction Alaria alata is known as a common trematode in European canids. The adult trematode lives in the small intestine of definitive hosts. Some hosts, however, are able of harbor Section Editor: David Bruce Conn * Zanda Ozoliņa [email protected] Mihails Pupins [email protected] Evita Gravele [email protected] Inese Gavarane [email protected] Muza Kirjušina [email protected] 1
Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
2
Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
3
Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parādes Street 1A, Daugavpils LV-5401, Latvia
mesocercariae, including felids, mustelids, and procyonids (Szczęsna et al. 2008; Möhl et al. 2009; Castro et al. 2009; Tǎbǎran et al. 2013; Rentería-Solis et al. 2013; TakeuchiStorm et al. 2015; Rodríguez-Ponce et al. 2016; Martinković et al. 2017; Ozoliņa et al. 2018; Ozoliņa et al. 2019). Scant information is available on the freshwater snail (1st intermediate host) and the amphibian (2nd intermediate host) roles in the A. alata life cycle (Shimalov and Shimalov 2000, 2001; Shimalov et al. 2000, 2001; Portier et al. 2012; Chikhlyaev and Ruchin 2014; Chikhlyaev et al. 2016; Patrelle et al. 2015; Voelkel et al. 2019; Huguenin et al. 2019). Therefore, more attention has been paid to paratenic hosts as potential reservoirs of alariosis. More frequently, wild boars were the object of study, and A. alata mesocercariae prevalence varied from 1.6 to 11.5% in Western Europe (Riehn et al. 2012; Paulsen et al. 2012, 2013; Ber
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