Alcohol and Cancer
The World Health Organization has identified chronic alcohol consumption as one of the top ten risk factors for worldwide burden of disease. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified alcohol as carcinogenic to humans, including cancer
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Samir Zakhari Vasilis Vasiliou Q. Max Guo ●
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Editors
Alcohol and Cancer
Editors Samir Zakhari, Ph.D. Director Division of Metabolism and Health Effects National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031 Bethesda, MD 20892-9304 USA [email protected]
Vasilis Vasiliou, Ph.D. Professor and Director of Toxicology Graduate Program Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Denver C238-P15 RC2, Room P15-3111 12700 East 19th Avenue Aurora, CO 80045 USA [email protected]
Q. Max Guo, Ph.D. Division of Metabolism and Health Effects National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031 Bethesda, MD 20892-9304 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4614-0039-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0040-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0040-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934679 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Chronic alcohol consumption is a major health problem worldwide, and may lead to addiction and damage of almost every organ of the body. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease has concluded that approximately 1.8 million people die each year due to alcohol (3.2% of all deaths). One of the most significant diseases caused by chronic alcohol consumption is cancer. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, alcohol is considered a carcinogen for the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colorectum, and the female breast. Worldwide, a total of approximately 389,000 cases of these cancers representing 3.6% of all cancers (5.2% in men and 1.7% in women) are derived from chronic alcohol ingestion. The fact that alcohol causes cancer is not new. The first observation that alcohol is responsible for esophageal cancer was published by the French pathologist Lamu in Paris in 1910. It took a long time until 1978 when the National Institute of Health (NIH) organized a workshop on this topic due to the fact that more and more epidemiologic data appeared demonstrating the causal relationship between alcohol and certain types of cancer. However, at
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