Alcoholic Beverage Preference, Morbidity and Mortality
It is an interesting question whether moderate consumption of alcohol beverages – especially red wine – could be recommended to reduce vascular disease burden in the society. A large body of studies exists showing an association between light to moderat
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1620
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Mechanisms of Health Effects of Ethanol and Various Alcoholic Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621 Ethanol Itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1622 Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1622 Wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623 Liquor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
3 Effects of Various Beverages on Morbidity and Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625 3.1 Cardiovascular Risk and Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1626 3.2 Noncardiovascular Disease and Mortality Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627 4
True Relationship Between Alcohol Beverages and Mortality and Confounders in Between . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627
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Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1628 Summary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
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Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2010 (USA)
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Alcoholic Beverage Preference, Morbidity and Mortality
Abstract: It is an interesting question whether moderate consumption of > alcohol beverages – especially red wine – could be recommended to reduce vascular disease burden in the society. A large body of studies exists showing an association between light to > moderate drinking (often of wine) and a reduced risk of vascular disease, particularly of coronary heart disease. There are also several plausible mechanisms explaining this association, for example relating to antiatherosclerotic and antithrombotic effects and improved vascular function. However, we are still dealing with observational findings, not with those from controlled studies, such as we have from statin and aspirin treatment. No randomized, controlled studies exist which would show a beneficial effect of wine drinking on meaningful vascular endpoints. On the other hand, clear health hazards are related to alcohol consumption in the society, and harms are generally related to the per caput
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