Algicidal properties of fermentation products from Bacillus cereus strain JZBC1 dissolving dominant dinoflagellate speci
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Algicidal properties of fermentation products from Bacillus cereus strain JZBC1 dissolving dominant dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella trochoidea, Prorocentrum micans, and Peridinium umbonatum Xiaojuan Hu 1,2 & Haochang Su 1,2 & Yu Xu 1,2 & Wujie Xu 1,2 & Shasha Li 1 & Xiaoshuai Huang 1 & Yucheng Cao 1,2 & Guoliang Wen 1 Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture systems typically produce high loads of nutrients in their discharge, potentially leading to the development and persistence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Algicidal bacteria, which inhibit algal growth or kill algal cells, offer a promising biocontrol strategy for reducing HAB. The strain JZBC1, which displays strong algicidal activity against the HAB species Scrippsiella trochoidea, was previously isolated from a dinoflagellate bloom area and identified as Bacillus cereus. In this study, strain JZBC1 was fermented in 2 L and 50 L systems, and then, algicidal properties of JZBC1 fermentation products on the harmful dinoflagellate species S. trochoidea, Prorocentrum micans, and Peridinium umbonatum were examined. Bacterial concentrations of strain JZBC1 reached 6.23 × 109 and 4.47 × 109 CFU/mL in 2 L and 50 L cultures, respectively, and thus effectively expanded during fermentation. Strain JZBC1 showed substantial algicidal activities and a wide algicidal range toward harmful dinoflagellates. Vegetative JZBC1 cells exhibited the best inhibitory and algicidal effects in 1 day. Strain JZBC1 can be formulated into a powder, and the spores can be activated before field application to increase their efficacy. These findings will facilitate large-scale fermentation production and application of Bacillus strain JZBC1 for controlling dinoflagellate blooms in aquaculture ponds. Keywords Algicidal bacteria . Aquaculture pond . Fermentation . Harmful dinoflagellates
Abbreviations HABs Harmful Algal Blooms CFU Colony Forming Units
* Yucheng Cao [email protected] * Guoliang Wen [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincal Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2
Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
Introduction Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a major global concern because they threaten the environment, public health, and various commercial interests. Over the last few decades, the frequency, magnitude, and duration of HABs have increased in marine and freshwater ecosystems worldwide (Anderson et al. 2012; Heisler et al. 2008). Typically, intensive and semiintensive aquaculture ponds are high-risk waters for HAB occurrence because of their higher loads of organic matter and nutrients (e.g. N and P) (Ander
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