Alkaloids derived from the genus Daphniphyllum
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Medicinal Chemistry Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-020-02646-w
REVIEW ARTICLE
Alkaloids derived from the genus Daphniphyllum Xu Liang1 Xin-Zhou Yang2 Lu Chen3 Shan Jiang1 Yu-Dan Chen1 Qiao-Yu Deng1 Xing-Guang Chen1 Jing-Quan Yuan1 ●
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Received: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
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Abstract In the past few decades, Daphniphyllum alkaloids have attracted wide attention due to their unique synthetic pathways, complex structures, and diversified carbon skeletons. Since 2008, 144 new Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the Daphniphyllaceae family have been isolated. These compounds were found to contain a large number of novel skeletons. In this review, we discuss the structure, classes, plant sources, and bioactivities of the plant-derived Daphniphyllum alkaloids reported between 2008 and 2020 and provide the basis for further studies. Keywords Daphniphyllum alkaloids Classification Chemical structure Bioactivity ●
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Introduction Daphniphyllum is the only genus of the Daphniphyllaceae family. Generally, the genus includes evergreens or deciduous trees and shrubs. There are about 30 species of plants in the Daphniphyllum (D.) genus, which are mainly found in Southeast Asia. 13 species are found in China that are mostly distributed to the south of the Yangtze River [1]. D. calycinum, D. macropodum and D. oldhami are used as traditional medicines to treat asthma, coughs, rheumatism, inflammation, pyrexia and snakebites. Daphniphyllum alkaloids are a diverse group of natural products with significant structural complexity [2] and biological activities. The Daphniphyllum alkaloids reported between 1966 and 2008 were already summarized by Jun’ichi Kobayashi and Takaaki Kubota [3]. The new Daphniphyllum alkaloids (isolated after 2008), along with their bioactivities, are discussed in this review to provide a theoretical basis for the
These authors contributed equally: Xu Liang, Xin-Zhou Yang * Jing-Quan Yuan [email protected] 1
Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
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School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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better utilization and development of the Daphniphyllum alkaloids.
Classification and bioactivities of Daphniphyllum alkaloids In this section, the chemical structures of Daphniphyllum alkaloids are described. Besides, we also summarize the isolation sources of the alkaloidsand their biological activities.
Daphnezomines Daphnezomine A-type alkaloids These alkaloids contain 22 carbon atoms and an azaadamantane core with an amino ketal bridge [3, 4]. All the rings present in these alkaloids are six-membered. Dapholdhamine B (1)(source: leaves of D. oldhami), first isolated by Zhang and coworkers, exists as a zwitterion [5– 9]. Both dapholdhamine A and daphnezomine B have been verified to have the same relative configuration by using ROESY spec
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