Allelic frequencies with 23 autosomic STRS in the Aymara population of Peru
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Allelic frequencies with 23 autosomic STRS in the Aymara population of Peru Carlos David Neyra-Rivera 1 & Andres Ticona Arenas 2 & Edgardo Delgado Ramos 3 Margarita Rosa Eugenia Velasquez Reinoso 3 & Bruce Budowle 4
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Received: 6 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Population data of the Aymara in the province of Puno were established for 23 autosomal STR markers. DNA was obtained from unrelated individuals (n = 190) who reside in three areas of the Floating Islands of Lake Titicaca, residents on the border with Bolivia and residents who are not from the border with Bolivia. The PENTA E marker presented the highest PD (0.9738), PIC (0.8793), and PM (0.7847) values. The combined PD was greater than 0.99999999 and the combined PE was 0.99999994. The largest distance, based on Fst values, was between the Aymara population and the Ashaninca population (0.04022), and the smallest distance was with the populations of Bolivia (0.00136) and Peru (0.00525). Keywords Allele frequencies . Aymara population . Forensic genetics . STR markers
Forensic Genetics laboratories rely on allele frequencies from short tandem repeat loci (STRs), such as the 20 core loci recommended for CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) in the USA [1]. With the increase of core STR loci for CODIS, there has been development of expanded STR kits. Because of the additional loci, there is a need for supporting population data for casework analyses. Studies have been carried out on more than 20 STRs and with more than 100 individuals in mestizo populations in Peru [2–4], but not on any of the 76 native ethnic groups or populations united by existing Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02448-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Carlos David Neyra-Rivera [email protected] 1
Universidad Científica del Sur, Carr. Panamericana Sur 19, Villa EL Salvador, 15067 Lima, Peru
2
Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria Cercado de Lima,, 15081 Lima, Peru
3
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria Cercado de Lima,, 15081 Lima, Peru
4
Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft Worth, TX 76107, USA
cultural and linguistic ties in Peru [5]. Among the 76 ethnic groups in Peru, the largest population is Quechua followed by Aymara [6]. The Aymara ethnic group is predominantly found in southeast Peru in the department of Puno and in the border areas with Bolivia [7] and has been studied with nuclear genes, mitochondrial DNA, and insertion-deletion markers [8–12] but not with autosomal STRs. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Tropical Medicine “Daniel Alcides Carrion” from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Certificate of Approval CIEI-2018-015). Before participating in the study, all participants free
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