Allergenic fungal spores and hyphal fragments in the aerosol of Havana, Cuba
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Allergenic fungal spores and hyphal fragments in the aerosol of Havana, Cuba Michel Almaguer Elayne Valde´z
. Lilivet Dı´az
. Marı´a Ferna´ndez-Gonza´lez
.
Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Fungal spores have a recognized allergenicity, but in recent years, fungal fragments have also been reported as inducers of Type I allergy. However, airborne hyphae are scarcely studied in tropical regions. The objective of this research was to analyze the fungal composition of the Havana aerosol during 2017 and 2018, emphasizing the presence of hyphae fragments. Air sampling was performed using a Lanzoni VPPS-2000 sampler. The fungal propagules collected were identified and counted following the recommendations of the Spanish Aerobiology Network in two longitudinal transepts of each daily slides. In 2017, the spore count and hyphae count were higher than in 2018 (108,607 spores and 3822 fungal fragments vs. 40,896 spores and 2268 fungal fragments). Cladosporium was the most abundant spore (77.2–76.6%), predominating in the month of May. Leptosphaeria ascospores were identified at lower levels (16.2–17.9%) but also abundant during May. The behavior of the hyphal fragments does not show great variations throughout the year. The contribution of this component to the aerosol ranged between 3.4 M. Almaguer (&) L. Dı´az E. Valde´z Department of Microbiology and Virology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] M. Ferna´ndez-Gonza´lez Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
and 5.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The intradiurnal periodicity showed a diurnal pattern for Cladosporium and nocturnal for Leptosphaeria, while the hyphae pattern does not show great variations. The temperature and relative humidity correlated with the concentration of the detected airborne fungi propagules. The composition of the fungal aerosol in Havana during the 2 years was characterized, including both spores and hyphal fragments, since both structures can be related to respiratory allergy pathologies. Keywords Airborne fungi Spores Non-viable methodology Havana Fungal fragments
1 Introduction Fungi are ubiquitous organisms, that represent approximately 25% of terrestrial biomass, detected in a wide variety of ecosystems. They have important ecological roles as saprotrophs, mutualistic symbionts, parasites or hyperparasites. Based on their lifestyle, fungi typically reproduce by spores, formed through sexual or asexual processes and involved in survival and dispersal processes. Long-range dispersal of airborne spores over thousands of kilometers is known to occur in nature (Levetin et al. 2015). The production, release and dispersion of spores in the atmosphere are determined by the complex interaction between biological and environmental factors such as:
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Aerobiologia
geographical location, air pollution, weather conditio
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