Allergenic fungal spores in the air of urban parks
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Allergenic fungal spores in the air of urban parks ´ wik . Katarzyna Kluska . Idalia Kasprzyk . Agnieszka Grinn-Gofron´ . Agata C . Paloma Carin˜anos Tomasz Wo´jcik
Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Urban green spaces, especially urban parks, are essential for the proper functioning of cities, but they can be a serious source of airborne fungal spores. Aerobiological monitoring was carried out in urban parks of different typology to estimate the risk associated with fungal spores for citizens. Volumetric method was applied with the use of portable Burkard Sampler. In the air of the studied parks, the most dominant spores are strong allergenic or considered as potentially allergenic. Cladosporium spores were found in enormous concentrations in all studied parks, and it affected the low biodiversity of fungal spores in the parks. Compared to Cladosporium, concentrations of Alternaria spores in the air I. Kasprzyk (&) K. Kluska Department of Environmental Monitoring, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszo´w, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszo´w, Poland e-mail: [email protected] A. Grinn-Gofron´ Department of Plant Taxonomy and Phytogeography, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wa˛ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland ´ wik T. Wo´jcik A. C Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszo´w, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszo´w, Poland P. Carin˜anos Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
were several dozen times lower, but still a risk for people who are allergic. The fungal spores spectra and their seasonal occurrence in each park were similar. The highest similarities in the patterns of the season were found in the case of Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, and the lowest in the case of Torula and Drechslera type. Due to the fact that allergy sufferers are most often polysensitized, the period when they should limit long visits in the urban parks is July– August, when the concentration of allergenic fungal spores of many taxa is the highest. Keywords Aerobiology Allergy Biological air pollutants Fungal spores Urban ecosystem disservices Urban parks
1 Introduction Fungal spores are considered as one of the most important aeroallergens, causing adverse health effects. Among the various allergenic fungal spores, aerobiological surveys report Alternaria as the most prevalent airborne fungal type and an important aeroallergen (Budd 1986; Mitakakis et al. 2001). Cladosporium is frequently reported as the most abundant aeroallergen and as the second most allergenic fungal type worldwide (Tariq et al. 1996; Knutsen et al. 2012). Both fungal spore types can be responsible for hospital admissions due to severe
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Aerobiologia
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