Alterations in allocation and composition of lipid classes in Euonymus fruits and seeds
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alterations in allocation and composition of lipid classes in Euonymus fruits and seeds A. Blehová 1 & M. Murín 1 & P. Nemeček 2 & P. Gajdoš 3 & M. Čertík 3 & J. Kraic 4 & I. Matušíková 5 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.) is a much-branched deciduous shrub or small tree. Its fruit capsules contain seeds with remarkably high content of oil interesting for industry, especially the 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (AcDAG) synthesized by a specific acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase. The distribution and amount of individual triacylglycerols (TAG) and especially acetyl-triacylglycerols (AcDAG) in Euonymus fruit have previously been assigned to specific tissues. Using anatomical and microscopical observations, we studied the fruit morphology, and for the first time, we identified a more detailed allocation of oil bodies in individual tissue structures. Thin layer chromatography separation of extracts from immature and mature fruits confirmed TAG and AcDAG as the most abundant lipid classes in both endosperm and embryo, followed by fatty acids and polar lipids. The abundance of fatty acids was further studied in the TAG and AcDAG fractions using gas chromatography. Data revealed particular FAs in both fractions allocated in tissue-specific manner and/or as indicators of maturation of E. europaeus seeds. While the abundance of cis-vaccenic-, linoleic as well as α-linolenic acids in the AcDAG structures generally drop with maturation in both embryo and endosperm, content of oleic acid increases. Abundance of cis-vaccenic acid in TAG was recorded in immature endosperm. For embryo, the abundance of stearic acid in AcDAG and oleic acid in TAG fraction was distinctive. Deeper understanding of underlying metabolic processes will be essential for targeted metabolic engineering and/or application for oilseed crops. Keywords Acetyl-triacylglycerols . Aril . Fatty acid pattern . Oil bodies . Pericarp . Triacylglycerols
Introduction The spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L., Celastraceae) is a much-branched deciduous shrub or small tree. It is used
mainly as an ornamental shrub for its impressive autumn display of orange, red and purple leaves, accented by magenta pink to red fruits. The fruit capsule splits into four sections that contain brown seeds with orange arils (Thomas et al. 2011;
Key message Composition and abundance of lipid classes and their fatty acids differ in Euonymus europaeus fruit tissues and change during seed maturation. Handling Editor: Alexander Schulz Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01562-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * I. Matušíková [email protected]
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Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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