Alterations in Smell During Pregnancy: Myth or Fact?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alterations in Smell During Pregnancy: Myth or Fact? Leena Jain1 • N. K. Vashisht2 • Shalini Jadia3 • Pooja Nayak4 • Manish Jain5
Received: 10 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 Ó Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020
Abstract To compare the olfactory functions of pregnant and non pregnant females draining the tribal tertiary care centre. Odor identification (OI), odor discrimination (OD) and odor threshold (OT) in subjects and control group with no previous Sino-nasal symptoms or pathology were included in the study. Mean scores of all the parameters were calculated in both the groups. Group A being of 60 pregnant females in 1st trimester and Group B constituted 60 non pregnant females as control group. Both the groups were matched for Age and Normal Mucociliary clearance range. Modified Indian Smell Identification Kit was used to assess all parameters. Before doing objective olfactory assessment all the study participants were given questionnaire for subjective assessment of olfaction in which we found significant impairment in drinking beverage and fragrance perception of flowers in pregnant females compared to non pregnant females. We also found there was no significant difference in mean scores of various olfactory parameters in multigravida and non pregnant females. The mean OI score in both groups was 9.54 ± 1.87 and 8.70 ± 1.62 respectively. Mean OD score of the two groups was 8.80 ± 2.61 and 9.80 ± 2.61 respectively and & Shalini Jadia [email protected]
the mean OT score of both the groups was 6.99 ± 4.63 and 4.13 ± 2.48 respectively. Keywords Olfaction Pregnancy Smell identification test
Introduction Olfaction is considered to be the ability to perceive, conduct and recognize scents and odors [1]. Estrogen and Progesterone balance is known to have protective effect on olfaction. So their imbalance or dysbalance may affect the olfactory function in pregnant females and may be related to smell changes in pregnancy. The most consistent source of evidence of smell changes in pregnancy comes from anecdotal reports and questionnaire studies [2]. The change in the level of reproductive hormone at the different trimesters of pregnancy has been documented to produce a significant change in olfactory function of pregnant mothers. Cognitive processing of odors appears to change in early pregnancy [3–6]. In our study we tried to explore the untouched area of otolaryngology so as to help in adding up for hypothesis of smell disorders in pregnancy and put forth a base for further studies for betterment of sense of smell and in turn taste and better nutritional need fulfillment of mother and baby during pregnancy and thus improving quality of life during pregnancy.
1
Department of ENT, SMBT IMS&RC, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
2
Department of OBGY, SMBT IMS&RC, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
3
Department of ENT, PCMS&RC, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Material and Methods
4
SMBT IMS&RC, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
5
Public Health Dentistry, SMBT IDS&RC, Nasik, Maharashtra, I
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