Alterations of retinal vessels in patients with sepsis
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Alterations of retinal vessels in patients with sepsis Jurate Simkiene1 · Zivile Pranskuniene2,3 · Martynas Patasius4 · Jurgis Trumpaitis5 · E. Christiaan Boerma6 · Andrius Pranskunas1 Received: 5 August 2019 / Accepted: 3 October 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract To compare the retinal vasculature of septic patients with age-matched healthy volunteers. This is a single-centre prospective observational study from January 2018 to May 2019 in a third-level ICU. We performed a single fundus imaging using a hand-held digital fundus camera in patients with sepsis or septic shock (n = 40) during the first 24 h after ICU admission and compared these data with age-matched healthy controls (n = 20). Semi-automated image analysis was performed. The average retinal arteriolar and venular caliber were calculated and summarized as the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). Arteriole:venular ratio (AVR) was defined as the ratio of CRAE:CRVE. The vascular length density of segmented retinal vessels was = defined as the skeletonized vessel area/total area × 100%. Median CRAE of septic patients was significantly higher in comparison to healthy controls (165[149–187] vs. 146[142–158] µm, p = 0.002). However, median CRVE and AVR of septic patients did not differ with healthy controls (247[223–282] vs. 244[215–272], p = 0.396 and 0.64[0.58–0.74] vs. 0.61[0.55–0.68], p = 0.145) respectively. Patients with sepsis showed a significant decrease in retinal vascular length density compared with healthy subjects (p
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