Alternative and Non-conventional Soil and Crop Management Strategies for Increasing Water Use Efficiency
Agricultural production is pivotal for sustainable supply of food, fiber and shelter. However, a complex plethora of biotic and abiotic factors coupled with climatic changes pose a major threat to sustainable crop production and global food security. Agri
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Alternative and Non-conventional Soil and Crop Management Strategies for Increasing Water Use Efficiency Farah Riaz, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Maryam Adil, Shafaqat Ali, Rashid Mahmood, Muhammad Rizwan, Qaiser Hussain, Afia Zia, Muhammad Arif Ali, Muhammad Arif, and Shah Fahad
Abstract Agricultural production is pivotal for sustainable supply of food, fiber and shelter. However, a complex plethora of biotic and abiotic factors coupled with climatic changes pose a major threat to sustainable crop production and global food security. Agriculture is the single major consumer of global fresh water resources, however, non-judicial use of fresh water and changes in the global hydrological cycle have put a significant pressure on fresh water resources from local to regional F. Riaz · M. Riaz (*) · M. S. Arif · T. Yasmeen · M. Adil · S. Ali · M. Rizwan Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan M. A. Ashraf Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan R. Mahmood Institute of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Q. Hussain Institute of Soil Science, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan A. Zia Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan M. A. Ali Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan M. Arif Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan S. Fahad Hainan Key Laboratory For Sustaianable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 S. Fahad et al. (eds.), Environment, Climate, Plant and Vegetation Growth, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_13
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scales. There is an urgent need to devise both efficient as well as practical crop and soil management strategies to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) in agroecosystems. A combination of soil- and plant-based factors affect WUE in cropping systems. Depending upon the region, both conventional and modern tools are proposed and effectively being applied to increase WUE in various crops, especially in the regions under greater threat of fresh water deficiency for crops.
13.1 Introduction Agriculture plays a key role in the lives of humans and the basic needs of them depend on agriculture such as food, fiber and shelter. Unpredictability of natural and climatic factors including temperature, rainfall and atmospheric CO2, productivity of agriculture is under immense pressure to ensure food security. Due to high demand for crop production with the higher cost of energy and the decreasing trends in farm income, severe economic problems for sustainable agriculture has start
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