Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement
This book presents the multidisciplinary nature and the many fascinating aspects of microbiological approaches for crop improvement in both conventional and stressed soils where quality and safety are the key concerns. The major goal is to provide a cross
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A Abiotic, 134, 135, 147, 148 Acacia, 229, 230, 236, 237, 239 ACC. See 1-Aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate ACC deaminase, 31, 36, 38, 39, 63, 65, 69–77 Acetylene, 245, 247 Actinorhizal nitrogen fixers, 290 Agriculture conventional, 207, 210, 213, 217 high-input, 209, 210 low-input, 210 organic, 206, 208, 210, 212, 213, 218 sustainable, 205–219 Agrobacterium, 236, 237 Agro-ecosystem(s), 134, 139, 152, 207, 209–215 Albizia, 236, 237 Alfalfa, 65, 68, 70, 73, 77 Alkalinity/salinity, 25 Allelochemicals, 194 Alphaproteobacteria, 229, 248 Aluminum, 326, 336, 337 Amino acids, 69, 71 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), 139, 140, 147, 151 Ammonia, 63, 65, 66, 71 Andisol, 326, 336, 337, 343 Antibiotics, 106, 108, 109, 120–122 Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), 256–260, 262 Arid land, 229 Arsenic, 87
Aspergillus, 330, 332 ATPase, 90 Azorhizobium, 229, 237 A. caulinodans, 292–296, 298 Azospirrlum, 243, 245, 246
B Bacillus, 94, 95, 98 Bacillus thuringiensis, 186–189, 192, 196, 197, 199, 201 Bacteria, 186, 187–189, 192, 195, 198 Bacteroids, 66, 72, 73, 75, 76 Barley, 340 Beneficial biofilms, 52–55 Bioaccumulation, 91, 94–95 Biochemical pesticides, 194–195 Bio-control, 28, 31–34, 38, 41, 147 Biocontroling agents, 53 Biodiversity, 135 Biofertilizer(s), 135, 138, 140, 151–153, 206, 208, 211, 213, 218, 228 Biofilm, 95 Biofilmed biofertilizers, 56–60 Biofilm formation, 52 BIOLOG, 295 Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), 289, 291, 298 Biopesticides, 185–202 Bioremediation, 90–98, 100, 151 Biosorption, 91–94 Biotechnology, 134, 152, 153 Biotic stress, 148–150
353
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BNF. See Biological nitrogen fixation Botanicals, 193–194 Bradyrhizobium, 65, 69
C Cadmium (Cd), 86–88, 90, 94, 96–99 Carbon drain, 212, 213 sequestration, 206 Carolina phosphate rock, 313 Chelators, 117 Chickpea, 340 Chili, 339 Chitinase(s), 135, 140 Chrome Azurol S (CAS), 116 Chromosomal insertion, 34 Citric acid, 333, 334, 336 Citrobacter, 92 Clover, 291 Coinoculation, 150 Community level physiological profiles (CLPP), 107 Consistency, 138, 141, 152 Conventional biofertilizers, 56 Cotton, 339 Crop rotation(s), 210–213 Cropping system, 207, 210, 211, 218 carbon sequestration, 171 microbial community, 178 rhizodeposition, 177 soil health, 161–180 tailoring, 178 Current agricultural problems agrochemical(s), 173 farmers awareness, 174 heavy vehicle traffic, 173–174 inappropriate cropping system, 172–173 intensification, 161, 162, 165, 172–173 sewage and sludge, 173–174 soil testing protocol, 174 Cytokinin(s), 66, 138, 139
D Decontamination, 91 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 306
Index
Desertification, 219 DGGE. See Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Diazotroph(s), 287–298 Diazotrophic, 137 Diazotrophic bacteria, 56, 59 Diversification cropping system, 177–178 framing system, 178 soil health, 177–178 DNA, 231, 235–237, 239, 240, 242, 245–247 Drought stress, 242
E Ecosystem(s), 301–318 Efflux, 90, 94 Endophytes, 245 Endosymbiont, 292, 298 Engineering biocontrol agents, 198 Engineering crop plants, 186, 199 Ensifer, 229, 236 Enterobacter, 330, 333, 34
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