Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Tuberculosis (TB) disease is caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), and currently represents a severe threat to global public health. After M.tb infection, there is a broad spectrum of potential outcomes leading to active
- PDF / 8,312,049 Bytes
- 325 Pages / 439.371 x 683.151 pts Page_size
- 113 Downloads / 209 Views
es in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
Advances in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
Petros C. Karakousis • Richard Hafner Maria Laura Gennaro Editors
Advances in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
Editors Petros C. Karakousis Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
Richard Hafner Division of AIDS (DAIDS) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Rockville, MD, USA
Maria Laura Gennaro Public Health Research Institute New Jersey Medical School Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-56904-4 ISBN 978-3-030-56905-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56905-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Tuberculosis (TB) has caused at least 1 billion deaths over the past two centuries, more than the combined number of deaths from malaria, smallpox, HIV/AIDS, cholera, plague, and influenza. The WHO estimates that there are more than 2 billion people latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2016, TB caused an estimated 1.7 million deaths including over 400,000 in persons living with HIV/AIDS. An estimated 10.4 million new TB cases occurred in 2016, 10% of which were among individuals living with HIV infection. About 4.1% of the new cases were multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, with 6.2% of those cases identified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Current treatment has major limitations, including long duration with poor adherence, high rates
Data Loading...
