Ambiguities in Decision-oriented Life Cycle Inventories The Role of
In an environmental life cycle assessment of products (LCA), an unambiguous, scientifically based, ‘objective’ attribution of material and energy flows to a product is pure fiction. This is due to the fundamental epistemological conditions of LCA as a mod
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ECO-EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE VOLUME 17 Series Editor: Arnold Tukker, TNO-STB, Delft, The Netherlands Editorial Advisory Board: Martin Charter, Centre for Sustainable Design, The Surrey Institute of Art & Design, Farnham, United Kingdom John Ehrenfeld, International Society for Industrial Ecology, New Haven, U.S.A. Gjalt Huppes, Centre of Environmental Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Reid Lifset, Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, U.S.A. Theo de Bruijn, Center for Clean Technology and Environmental Policy (CSTM), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Ambiguities in Decision-oriented Life Cycle Inventories The Role of Mental Models and Values by
Frank Werner Environment and Development, Zürich, Switzerland
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 1-4020-3253-6 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-3254-4 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3253-0 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3254-7 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springeronline.com
Cover image of the world: NASA, http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/data/ev2/ev246_indoex2_a.mov Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2005 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
PREFACE ................................................................................................... xiii THE FUNCTIONALISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF LCA MODELLING AND APPLICATION - A FOREWORD ............................................................xvii
PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
RISING OF THE DISQUIET: A RETROSPECTIVE .......................................... 4 OBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVE ELEMENTS IN LCA............................... 12 FROM REAL WORLD TO MODELS AND BACK ........................................ 15 IMPOSSIBILITY TO VALIDATE LCA-MODELS ......................................... 18 SCIENTIFIC APPROACH: THESES ............................................................ 19 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK ..................................................................... 20
PART II: REQUIREMENTS OF PRODUCT SYSTEMS AND THEIR LCIS IN PRODUCT-RELATED DECISION-MAKING 2.
LCA AS METHOD AND ITS MODELLING CHARACTERISTICS...............27 2.1 METHODOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF LCA .............................................. 28 2.2 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT LCA-METHODOLOGY .............. 29 2.3 COMPLEXITY AS CHALLENGE FOR THE INVENTORY ANALYSIS
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