An area-based imaging biomarker for characterizing coronary artery stenosis with myocardial BOLD MRI
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An area-based imaging biomarker for characterizing coronary artery stenosis with myocardial BOLD MRI Sotirios A Tsaftaris1*, Richard Tang2, Xiangzhi Zhou2, Debiao Li3, Rohan Dharmakumar2 From 2011 SCMR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions Nice, France. 3-6 February 2011 Introduction BOLD MRI may be used for detecting myocardial oxygenation changes secondary to coronary artery stenosis. However, current approaches for analyzing BOLD changes are suboptimal for detecting critical stenosis (reduction in perfusion reserve below 2:1). Purpose To test the hypothesis that, ARREAS, an area-based statistical approach relying on the differences between rest and stress images, can characterize BOLD changes with exquisite sensitivity and specificity. This hypothesis was tested in a canine model. Methods 2D cine SSFP-based BOLD images were acquired in 9 dogs under rest, and adenosine stress with and without LCX stenosis (of varying grades) in a 1.5T scanner. Scan parameters: resolution=1.2x1.2x6mm 3 ; flipangle=90o; and TR/TE=6.2/3.1ms. Microsphere analysis was used to measure true perfusion. First-pass perfusion and late-enhancement scans were performed to visually confirm perfusion deficits and absence of infarction. Microsphere flow within each AHA segment was summed to obtain total flow per slice. MFR, defined as the ratio of flow between stress and rest was computed. End-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) images were identified and myocardial borders were traced. Myocardial pixel intensities from rest images were fitted to
location-scaled t-distribution to estimate the location (μ) and scale (s) parameters. Affected-Fraction (AF), defined as the ratio of the area of largest contiguous hypointense region (pixel intensity below μ-s) divided by the total area of the myocardium, was computed for both stress (AFSTRESS) and rest (AFREST) cases. Ischemic-Extent (IE), was defined/computed as IE=AF STRESS /AF REST . For comparison, mean signal intensities of AHA segments corresponding to the LCX territory were normalized by the mean intensity of the entire myocardium to obtain IREST and ISTRESS. Segment-Intensity-Response (SIR), was defined/computed as SIR=I STRESS /I REST . IE and SIR derived from ES and ED images were each regressed with MFR. ROC analysis was used to examine the diagnostic capacities of IE and SIR metrics to detect critical stenosis at ES and ED.
Results Fig. 1 shows a representative first-pass perfusion, ARREAS-processed BOLD, and late-enhancement images from a severe stenosis study. Fig. 2 illustrates scatter plots and fits between IE or SIR and MFR from 26 studies. Fig. 3 illustrates ROC curves. Conclusions BOLD MRI is a compelling approach for evaluating myocardial oxygenation changes due to coronary stenosis. Compared to the conventional approach, ARREAS significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity for
1 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
© 2011 Tsaftaris et al; licensee BioMed Central
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