An eco-friendly approach to preparing cellulose nanocrystals by precisely controlling the dissolution of natural cellulo
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
An eco-friendly approach to preparing cellulose nanocrystals by precisely controlling the dissolution of natural cellulose in TBAH/H2O solvent Mengdie Wang . Tingting Yu . Ling Tan . Wei Li . Wei Wei . Man Jiang . Dongqi Liu . Zuowan Zhou
Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Applications of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in various fields of high value have been and are being widely studied. However, research about the fundamental preparation method has come to a standstill. This work aims to introduce a concept of progressive dissolution of cellulosic fibers and an ecofriendly way of preparing CNCs. By controlling TBAH concentration, the amphiphilicity and dissolving capability of TBAH/H2O can be regulated. Through a controlled partial dissolution of cellulose in the solvent, aqueous tetra-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), the fiber can be dissolved to make nanoscale particles (CNC suspensions). Polarized light microscopy provides a quantitative evaluation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03418-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
of the progress of dissolution, by which a processing window (43% TBAH/H2O, 30 min dissolution at room temperature) for preparing CNCs from cotton pulp has been determined. The multiscale cellulose products, including micron-scale, nanoscale, and welldissolved products of cellulose, have been separated with the assistance of the derivatization process. There are interestingly homogeneous materials of cellulose I with a needle-like shape in the nanoscale products extracted. Furthermore, the cellulose raw materials can be extended from cotton pulp to wood pulp, bamboo pulp, straw pulp, and microcrystalline cellulose, indicating it to be a universal method. Analysis of XRD patterns of the raw and CNCs indicates that amorphous and less-crystalline cellulose can be precisely and controllably dissolved by the solvent, leaving CNCs.
M. Wang T. Yu L. Tan W. Li W. Wei (&) M. Jiang Z. Zhou (&) Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 111 North Section I, No. 2 Ring Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Zhou e-mail: [email protected] D. Liu Xinxiang Chemical Fibre Co., Ltd, Jinyuan Road, Fengquan District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
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Cellulose
Graphical abstract
Keywords Cellulose nanocrystals Multiscale products TBAH Amphiphilicity Dissolving capability Controlled partial dissolution
Introduction Facing the crisis of microplastic contamination, the application of renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible and eco-friendly cellulose as substitutes for traditional polymer materials, is now attracting worldwide attention. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can serve as perfect carriers and rein
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