An ecofriendly approach to decontaminate toxic metals from coal washery effluent using the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus
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An ecofriendly approach to decontaminate toxic metals from coal washery effluent using the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus Huma Vaseem1 · Vinay Kumar Singh2 · M. P. Singh3 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, efforts have been made to detoxify the heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co and Cr) from coal washery effluent (CWE) using a macrofungi, Pleurotus ostreatus, in in vivo condition. For bioremediation purpose, different percentages of raw CWE soaked with paddy straw (substrate) were mixed with spawn of Pleurotus ostreatus macrofungi and these macrofungi were allowed to grow for certain time period. P. ostreatus decontaminated significant amount of metals from all the percentage of CWE, i.e. 75% CWE, 50% CWE and 25% CWE, while its maximum bioremediation efficiency was found in 25% CWE. Percentage decrease in metals in 25% CWE was as follows: Ni: 100%, Zn: 99.04%, Cu: 100%, Co: 100%, Cr: 100%, Mn: 84.66% and Pb: 67.92%. Metals accumulated (mg/Kg) in fruiting bodies of mushrooms grown on substrate containing CWE were found to be well below to their permissible level suggested by various international agencies for food materials. Increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, metallothionein concentration and lipid peroxidation and decrease in nutritional content were also noticed in fruiting bodies grown on substrate containing CWE in comparison with control group. Present study suggests that Pleurotus can be used as a promising option for removal of heavy metals from the effluent released from washery plants. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes · Coal washery effluent · Metal accumulation · Mycoremediation · Nutritional content
1 Introduction One of the great problems for coal washery industries is the dumping of effluent released after washing of coal that contains impurities such as heavy metals (like nickel, lead, iron, chromium, manganese, copper, cobalt, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, etc.), fine particles of coal and many other pollutants [1, 2]. Huge amount of water and different materials like detergents, coagulants, flocculant and surfactant are used during processing of coals in coal washery plants which ultimately produce a significant quantity of effluent [3]. Discharge of this coal washery effluent into the river and other wetlands causes adverse effects on the aquatic organisms as it contains many of the
non-biodegradable elements that have deleterious impact on animal physiology [4]. To overcome the problem of CWE pollution, treatment of these waste waters before their discharge into the water bodies is very important. Many methods such as ion exchange method, electrochemical treatment, use of membrane technologies and chemical precipitation are being used at large scale in different industries to decontaminate the contaminated environment [5]. However, these methods are very costly, not suitable to the environment and not much effective [6]. Hence, it is very important to develop a fast, cost-effective and ecofriendly method for elim
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