An Electric Vehicle Powertrain Design
The powertrain is an integral part in any vehicle and this article addresses powertrain design for an Electric Vehicle emphasising on cost effective range extension by coupling a gearbox with the electric motor thereby, reducing the torque requirement on
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Abstract The powertrain is an integral part in any vehicle and this article addresses powertrain design for an Electric Vehicle emphasising on cost effective range extension by coupling a gearbox with the electric motor thereby, reducing the torque requirement on the motor in turn reducing the battery capacity.
Keywords Transmission Gearbox Vehicular Torque Requirements Bearings Couplings Electric Vehicular Range Electric Motor Bending Stress Crankshaft (Powershaft)
1 Introduction Powertrain is the mechanism which transmits the drive from the power source to the axle. The power source may be an IC engine (Gasoline or Diesel) or an electric motor [Electric Vehicle (EV)] or a combination of both (Hybrid Vehicle). Generally, an IC engine powertrain consists of the engine, gearbox, a transmission shaft which ends at a differential axle. A gearbox acts as a torque multiplier as the torque provided by the IC Engine may not be sufficient to carry forward the respective payload. This is because an IC Engine’s torque output is variable i.e., it is different at different speeds. Whereas, when it comes to an Electric motor, the motor can give its highest torque output from zero rpm itself. Therefore, the power train of an EV comprises of an electric G.N. Ripujit (&) K. Avinash P. Kranthi Kumar Reddy M. Santhosh Rani Mechatronics Department, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India e-mail: [email protected] K. Avinash e-mail: [email protected] P. Kranthi Kumar Reddy e-mail: [email protected] M. Santhosh Rani e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 P. Deiva Sundari et al. (eds.), Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Applications, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 467, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1645-5_37
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motor and an optional gearbox which is either used or left out depending upon the manufacturer’s priorities. Range of an EV mainly depends on the capacity of the battery pack driving the motor. The range can be increased in two methods. • Employing a larger battery pack • Coupling a gearbox to the motor The torque generated by an electric motor is directly proportional to the current absorbed. So, the greater the torque requirement, more current is absorbed thereby, depleting the capacity of the battery pack faster. By employing a gearbox, the torque requirement at the motor end can be restricted hence, the capacity of the battery pack is restrained for a longer duration which leads to extended range and is also economical. Keeping this in consideration, the powertrain for this electric vehicle was designed and fabricated.
2 Motor A machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy is called a motor and the reverse of it is a generator. EVs generally employ self commutated motors (ground vehicles). There are many motors which are suitable and are distinguished according to the motor commutation techniques which are as follows (Fi
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