An empirical attenuation model of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the near field of a strong earthquake
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An empirical attenuation model of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the near field of a strong earthquake Xianglong Yao1,2,3 · Shengwen Qi1,2,3 · Chunling Liu4 · Songfeng Guo1,3 · Xiaoling Huang1,3 · Chong Xu5 · Bowen Zheng1,3 · Zhifa Zhan6 · Yu Zou1,3 Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Empirical methods are commonly employed to predict the PGA distribution of an earthquake and are widely used. However, current empirical methods assume the seismic source to be a point source, a line source, or a plane source, where the energy is concentrated and released uniformly. An empirical attenuation model of the near-field peak ground acceleration (PGA) was proposed that considers a nonuniform spatial distribution of seismic fault energy and its 3D scale. Then, this model was used to reconstruct the PGA distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan, China, Mw7.9 earthquake based on the data of a seismic fault model and ground acceleration records of the mainshock and aftershocks collected by seismic stations. The predicted PGA values show similar attenuation characteristics to the interpolated map of the PGA recorded by seismic stations. A comparison with the results of a finite-fault model developed by the USGS indicates that the proposed model can provide more details and give a more precise result in the near field. The analysis of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake demonstrates that the PGA distribution estimated by this model can be used to validate the findings of other researchers. Keywords Peak ground acceleration (PGA) · Empirical attenuation model · Near field · Strong earthquake · The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake · Earthquake-induced landslides
1 Introduction Strong earthquakes in mountainous areas, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Qi et al. 2010; Yin et al. 2009) and the 1999 Chi–Chi Earthquake (Huang et al. 2001; Liao and Lee 2000), can trigger considerable landslides that can cause a devastating number of deaths and property loss. Many factors can control these slope failures, including the engineering geology, hydrogeology and seismic ground acceleration (Jibson 1993; Jibson et al. 2000; Keefer 1984). Among these factors, the ground acceleration is commonly considered one of the most important (Meunier et al. 2007, 2008). However, the ground acceleration fluctuates strongly within tens of seconds during an earthquake, so the peak ground * Shengwen Qi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Natural Hazards
acceleration (PGA, the absolute maximum value on an accelerogram) is usually taken as the most important parameter in the study of earthquake-induced landslides (Yuan et al. 2013). Since the end of the nineteenth century, a large number of seismic stations have been built around the world, and tens of thousands of ground acceleration records have been collected during different earthquakes. Combined with these records, some theoretical and empirical met
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