An evaluation of the core bacterial communities associated with hypersaline environments in the Qaidam Basin, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An evaluation of the core bacterial communities associated with hypersaline environments in the Qaidam Basin, China Derui Zhu1 · Rui Han2 · Qifu Long1 · Xiang Gao1 · Jiangwa Xing1 · Guoping Shen1 · Yongzhen Li1 · Rong Wang1 Received: 20 November 2019 / Revised: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hypersaline lakes and saltern areas are important industrial and biodiversity resources in the Qaidam Basin of China that reside at > 2600 m asl. Most hypersaline environments in this area are characterized by saturated salinity (~ 300 g/L salinity), nearly neutral pH, intense ultraviolet radiation, and extremely variable temperature fluctuations. The core bacterial communities associated with these stressful environments have nevertheless remained uninvestigated. 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing analyses revealed that the bacterial communities were dominated by core lineages including the Proteobacteria (39.4–64.6%) and the Firmicutes (17.0–42.7%). However, the relative abundances of common lineages, and especially the five most abundant taxa of Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, Anoxybacillus, Acinetobacter, and Brevundimonas, were highly variable across communities and closely associated with hypersaline characteristics in the samples. Network analysis revealed the presence of co-occurrence high relative abundance taxa (cluster I) that were highly correlated across all hypersaline samples. Additionally, temperature, total organic carbon, K+, and Mg2+ correlated highest with taxonomic distributions across communities. These results highlight the potential mechanisms that could underlie survival and adaptation to these extreme hypersaline ecosystems. Keywords Bacterial community · Bacterial diversity · Hypersaline environments · Common lineages · Co-network · Qaidam Basin
Introduction Hypersaline environments are widely distributed on earth and constitute terrestrial lakes or sabkhas, brine wells, evaporation ponds, artificial salterns, and deep-sea anoxic brine lakes. These environments are characterized by salt concentrations greater than 3 times that of seawater (e.g., Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt . Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-01927-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rong Wang [email protected] 1
Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
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salinity > 100 g/L) extending to systems with extreme halite saturation (i.e., around 350 g/L; McGenity and Oren 2012; Naghoni et al. 2017). Widely studied hypersaline lakes include the Dead Sea (347 g/L; Bodaker et al. 2010; Jacob et al. 2017), the Great Salt Lake (23 to 333 g/L; McGenity and Oren 2012; Baxter 2018), the Chott El Jerid Lake (27
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