An Experimental and Numerical Determination on Low-Velocity Impact Response of Hybrid Composite Laminate
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RESEARCH PAPER
An Experimental and Numerical Determination on Low‑Velocity Impact Response of Hybrid Composite Laminate Engin Erbayrak1 · Ercument Ugur Yuncuoglu2 · Yusuf Kahraman2 · Beril Eker Gumus2 Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were carried out in order to determine the mechanical properties and impact response of hybrid composite laminate. The hybrid composite laminate was formed from plain woven carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and plain woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) fiber using VARTM (vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding) process. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were determined using tensile test device with a 1 mm/min loading rate at room temperature. In addition, hybrid composites were subjected to low-velocity impact test under different impact energy levels (10, 20, 30, 40 J) for determining the impact response. Moreover, mechanical properties and impact responses of CFRE and GFRE laminates were also determined to compare to those of hybrid composite (HCGFRE). Microstructure analysis was performed to investigate the damage surfaces of the fiber and matrix in the composite material subjected to impact and tensile forces. In numerical analyses, composite damage model (Mat 54) was utilized in LS-DYNA® explicit finite element program to simulate the impact behavior of CFRE, GFRE and HCGFRE laminates. Consequently, the tensile test results showed that hybrid composite laminate behaved more ductile than carbon composite laminate and it exhibited more brittle behavior than glass composite laminate. Also, it was determined that absorbed energy and impact load capacity of HCGFRE composite laminate are between absorbed energy and impact load capacity of CFRE and GFRE composite laminate. It was determined that numerical results indicate a similar tendency with the experimental results. Keywords Hybrid composite · Low-velocity impact · Mechanical properties · Finite element analyses · Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding
1 Introduction In recent times, composites have become preferred engineered materials with various attractive mechanical properties such as lightweight, high toughness, high strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. Also, they have been utilized where corrosion resistance, low cost and ease of production are required. They have extensive applications in the aircraft, aerospace, naval and automotive industries. Nowadays, a new generation of composite materials is produced in order to improve mechanical and physical properties of the composite material. For instance, the hybrid composite materials are a good example for these materials. Hybrid * Engin Erbayrak [email protected] 1
Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
Yıldız Technıcal University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
composite materials are obtained by using two or more types of fibers in a common matrix. In addition, hybrid composite materials provide various advantages that
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