An innovative method for recycling vanadium and valuable materials from high-lime steel making slag disposal
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ORIGINAL PAPER
An innovative method for recycling vanadium and valuable materials from high‑lime steel making slag disposal N. Sadeghi1 · E. K. Alamdari1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Revised: 7 October 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract A considerable amount (more than tens of millions of tons) of slag has been collected as discarded waste in the landfilled site of steelmaking company. Recovery of valuable metals and materials to the recycling of slag could be an urgent decision for solving this problem. To turn into usable products, slag leaching by hydrochloric acid reduces the slag weight by up to 50%. The leaching solution can be used to calcium sulfate and hydrochloric acid as byproducts. After Alkaline roasting at 900 °C, the remaining slag was leached in a sodium bicarbonate solution. The results showed that sodium bicarbonate concentration, temperature, and particle size of 80 g/l, 80 °C and − 53 μm, respectively, provided favorable conditions for vanadium recovery. High efficiency of leaching, along with a high concentration of vanadium, is urgent. So to increase the two criteria, leaching studies in higher solid to liquid ratio (0.4 g/ml) were carried out in two-stage countercurrent. Under the optimum condition, vanadium recovery, and vanadium concentration are more than 75% and 3.5 g/l, respectively. Moreover, based on proposed flow sheet vanadium pentoxide is the main product and the gypsum and fertilizer are the byproducts of the process.
Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain. * E. K. Alamdari [email protected] 1
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Graphic abstract
Keywords Recycling · Leaching · Vanadium · High free lime slag · Sodium bicarbonate
Introduction Steel slag is generated the oxidized material when lime, dolomite, and oxygen, and other auxiliary materials are added onto the pig iron produced by a blast furnace to remove carbon (C), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and other components to produce crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Discarded slag contains significant amounts of vanadium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium and iron, which be recycled. Among them, vanadium has a high value for recovery and consumption. Vanadium is used widely in metallurgical and chemical industries due to its unique physicochemical and mechanical properties (Moskalyk and Alfantazi 2003; Yang et al. 2014). Significant quantities of vanadium-bearing steel slag are generated as a byproduct of the iron or steel industries (Mirazimi et al. 2013). Vanadium could be recovered from the slag by direct leaching, roasting leaching, sub-molten salt technology, and intensified with surface wettability leaching. Sub-molten salt technology is a relatively innovative method for extracting metals from tailings, and ore has been used (Wang et al. 2014, 2015; Xue et al. 2016). However, this method re
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