An Integrated Methodology Using Extended Swara and Dea for the Performance Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Turk
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An Integrated Methodology Using Extended Swara and Dea for the Performance Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Turkey Case Ertugrul Ayyildiz
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Aslihan Yildiz
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Alev Taskin Gumus
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Coskun Ozkan
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Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Public and private companies make significant water infrastructure investments to meet increasing water demand. In this context, investments in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which play an important role in recycling of used water, are also increasing. This study investigates determination of the efficiency scores of WWTPs considering each metropolitan municipality as a decision-making unit (DMU). In this study, a two-step methodology is established to determine efficiency scores of WWTPs. In the first step, the input and output parameters are searched by a literature review for the performance evaluation, and candidate parameters are determined. Then, to determine the most appropriate and related parameters, the importance weights of all candidate inputs and outputs are computed using the extended stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method. Next, the inputs and outputs are chosen according to their importance weights. In the second step, efficiency scores of WWTPs are calculated using output-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. Based on the expert opinions, the parameters used as input variables are as follows: Daily Wastewater Amount per Person Discharged in Municipalities, WWTP Capacity, and Number of WWTPs; and the parameters used as output variables are as follows; Amount of Wastewater Treated in WWTPs and Municipal Population Served by WWTPs. The results are presented and discussed by sensitivity analysis. Results show that 14 metropolitan municipalities have total efficiency, 19 metropolitan municipalities have technical efficiency, and 21 metropolitan municipalities have scale efficiency. Keywords Wastewater treatment plant Extended SWARA Data envelopment analysis Performance evaluation ●
Introduction and Related Studies Water is one of the essential natural resources for all living things to survive. Water is also an indispensable needs in terms of human use, industries, energy production, economy, and in short, almost every aspect of society. However, only 3% of the world’s water reserves are freshwater, and 70% of this freshwater is known to be unusable and available in glaciers, soil, atmosphere, and groundwater (Akın and Akın 2007). This situation indicates that people will experience water shortages with increasing population and industrialization, and scarcity of available water. Current economic conditions allow many investments required by urbanization. Demand for water used in many fields such as
* Ertugrul Ayyildiz [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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agriculture, industry, food processing, environmental services, energ
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